Category: Grammar

English Study: Verbs 動詞, Gerunds 動名詞, Infinitive Tense 不定詞

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English Study: Verbs 動詞, Gerunds 動名詞, Infinitive Tense 不定詞

📚 English Test: Gerunds & Reading

Lesson 16 (Gerunds) + "A Swedish Girl's Discoveries in Japan"

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// ==================== LARGE QUESTION BANK WITH LONG TEXT ====================
const questions = [
// GERUND QUESTIONS
{ q: "Which is correct? 'I enjoy ___ to music in my free time.'", options: ["listen", "to listen", "listening", "listened"], correct: 2, explain: "enjoy + gerund (doing)", explainJP: "enjoyの後は必ず動名詞（-ing）を使います" },
{ q: "Choose the best: 'She is good ___ English.'", options: ["at speak", "at speaking", "to speak", "speak"], correct: 1, explain: "be good at + gerund", explainJP: "be good at の後には動名詞（doing）が来ます" },
{ q: "'Remember ___ the lights before you leave.' (future)", options: ["turning off", "to turn off", "turn off", "turned off"], correct: 1, explain: "remember to do = future", explainJP: "remember to do = これからすることを忘れないで" },
{ q: "'I remember ___ that movie last year.'", opti

【間違いやすい英文法】THE, A, AN の違い… 正しい冠詞の使い方

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【間違いやすい英文法】THE, A, AN の違い… 正しい冠詞の使い方

冠詞：

英単語：article
意味：冠詞（a, an, the）
発音：アーティクル
複数形：articles アーティクルズ

冠詞とは何かということをご説明しましょう。英語には、"the"、 "a" 、 "an" の3種類の冠詞があります。これらの冠詞は名詞の前に使われます。

【aとanの違い】 Indefinite Articles

これらの冠詞は、具体的にどの名詞の話をしているのか特定できないので、不定冠詞と呼ばれています。

例えば、"ア・ベジタブル a vegetable"と言えば、どの野菜でもよいわけですし、特定のリンゴを選ばずに "アン・アップル an apple" を食べたいと言うこともできます。どちらの冠詞を使うのかを知る方法ですが、名詞が母音（"a", "e", "i" ,"o" or "u"の文字）で始まっていたら"an"を使いますし、子音で始まっている場合には"a"を使います。

例外：
母音の前に"an"、子音の前に"a"を使うという規則には、実はいくつかの例外があります。 "u"で始まる名詞でありながら"you"の発音をする場合には"a"を使います。 "アイ・ウェント・トゥ・ア・ユニバーシティ。I went to a university." の例がそうです。そして、名詞が無音の"h"で始まるときには"an"を使います。"ウィー・ハヴ・アン・アワー・ビフォー・ザ・ムービー・スターツ。We have an hour before the movie starts."の例がそうです。

The following word starts with

Spicy Food & Conjunctions

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Spicy Food & Conjunctions

How much spice is too much? Some people love spicy food. In many cultures, ingredients like chilies and hot pepper are common. Other cultures use garlic, ginger, or horseradish to spice up their food. Many people in the United States love hot sauce. They use it on almost everything from eggs to sandwiches! If you ask an American, they will probably have a favorite brand of hot sauce they like to use.

Spicy food can be good for your body. It can help with congestion if you have a cold. It can make you sweat, which cools your skin off. In hot countries, many people eat spicy food all the time so that they can feel cooler. However, if you are not used to spicy food, it can make you feel sick. It sometimes causes indigestion or just burns your tongue. It’s important to be careful and drink a lot of water if you are new to eating spicy food. Some people even drink milk, as it can help stop the spread of the heat.

Bryan and Kate are talking about some spicy food that Kate ate. Find out what they think about it in this English lesson.

Dialogue

Some vs. Any – Grammar

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Some vs. Any - Grammar | 札幌の英会話学校 AGREATDREAM

Some vs. Any

Some and any are similar in meaning, but they are used differently time to time.

For example, any is used in negative statements, (sentences using the word not). While some is used in positive statements that do not contain the word not.

The grammatical term for some and any is determiners, more specifically quantifiers.
They belong to a group of words that show amounts or quantity without needing an exact number.

Let’s look at two incorrect sentences and why are they wrong as an example, also how can we fix them.

✖ That man has any money.

Why it’s wrong:

This is a positive statement. The sentence says that the man does have money. However, any is supposed to be used in negative statements. When you use any in a positive statement, it sounds strange.

Some ways to correct it:

Use some instead:

英文法動詞過去形 Past Tense Verbs: List, Quiz & Grammar

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英文法動詞過去形 Past Tense Verbs: List, Quiz & Grammar

Jump to List of Verbs on this Page | Past Tense Verb Quiz

Past Tense Verbs

ordered, ate, drank, etc.

In English, past tense verbs are actions or events that have finished. They are words that simply end with an “ed”, a “d” or sometimes an "ied" at the end, like in the past tense verb married. Irregular verbs can look different to the original verb.

Regular Verb: “I have cereal every day.”
Past Tense: “I had a bowl of cereal for breakfast yesterday. ”

The past tense is used when things have been discontinued from the present and a story is already over.

For example, if I was told "I worked there for 15 years.", I can see that I am no longer working there. On the contrary, if I was told "I have worked there for 15 years.", using the present completion form, since it is a tense with continuity with the present, I am still working there.

Similarly, in the case of comparing "I lost his meeting notes."

Grammar: Bring vs Take + Quiz

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Grammar: Bring vs Take + Quiz & Origin of the Words

English Grammar & Usage List

Bring - Move an object to the place where the speaker or listener is located.

Take - Move and object to a different place from the speaker or listener.

Third party = 第三者

third party → bring → the partner of the conversation

third party → bring → speaker or writer

speaker or writer ↔ bring ↔ talking party

third party → take → another location

talking partner → take → another place

speaker or writer → take → another place

■ bring

1) Bring people and things to the place where the speaker (myself) is.
"Please bring me your bag."
"You can bring some friends to our party tomorrow."

2) Take people / things to the place where the listener (you) is located.
"I'll bring some flowers to your office next week."
"My friend will bring the money to you."

■ take

Take people / things to a place different from the speaker / listener
"I'll take a la

Using Transition Words and Phrases

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Using Transition Words and Phrases

What are transition words?

Transitions

Transition words are used to connect ideas and show flow. They help readers move through complex ideas, establish relationships and connections between ideas as well. They are also important when you look at website rankings. Many search engine optimization programs recommend you use them to improve readability, like in Yoast SEO. If you use them correctly they typically results in better rankings in search engines like Google.

Conjunctions are the most basic of transitional words. They join words, phrases or clauses together. Good examples are "and", "but" also "or".

I drove to school and I got there just in time.

I drove home but was still late for dinner.

As you can see in the examples above, the conjunctions serve different purposes.

The first conjunctive "and" connects the two occurrences equally.

The second conjunctive "but" introduces a contrast.

Knowing different categories of transition words will also help you choose the best ones to get your point across.

WRITER’S HANDBOOK >

Days of the Month, Cardinal Numbers, Ordinal Numbers – Grammar

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Days of the Month, Cardinal Numbers, Ordinal Numbers - Grammar

Days of the Month, Cardinal Numbers, Ordinal Numbers,

数字：日付・日にち（序数）、基数、順序数
Suuji: hizuke・hinichi (jyosuu), kisuu, junjosuu
Numbers: Dates/Days, Cardinals, Ordinals

日の読み方

英語初心者だと、スラスラ出てこない方が多いです。10回くらい音読すれば自然と身につきますので、この機会にまとめて覚えておきましょう。

日の読み方（英語で）

on the 1st

日 / 読み方 / 表記

1日 / First / 1st

2日 / Second / 2nd

3日 / Third / 3rd

4日 / Fourth / 4th

5日 / Fifth / 5th

6日 / Sixth / 6th

7日 / Seventh / 7th

8日 / Eighth / 8th

9日 / Ninth / 9th

10日 / Tenth / 10th

11日 / Eleventh / 11th

12日 / Twelfth / 12th

13日 / Thirteenth / 13th

14日 / Fourteenth / 14th

15日 / Fifteenth / 15th

16日 / Sixteenth / 16th

17日 / Seventeenth / 17th

18日 / Eighteenth / 18th

19日 / Nineteenth / 19th

20日 / Twentieth / 20th

21日 / Twenty-first / 21st

22日 / Twenty-second / 22nd

23日 / Twenty-third / 23rd

24日 / Twenty-fourth / 24th

25日 / Twenty-fifth / 25th

26日

動詞一覧・動詞のリスト・ Verb List

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What are verbs?

Verbs are words that show an action (study), occurrence (develop) or state of being (exist). For example, the suffixes -ify, -ize, -ate or -en usually signify that a word is a verb, as in typify, characterize, irrigate and soften. The base form is called the infinitive. Eat, drink and love are infinitives.

How many types of past tense verbs are there?

When making the past tense verbs in English, there are three main types of verbs.

Type 1 Verbs

The verb does not change in the past tense.
Examples: cut, put, hit and let

The present form, past form and past participle form look the same.

These are sometimes called "no change verbs".

cut, cut, cut;
hit, hit, hit;
let, let, let

Type 2 Verbs

Add -ed to make past tense verbs.

Examples: work, play and help

Some spelling rules appear inside this group

Verbs ending in e

単語練習帳 | Words Worth Learning In English Or Japanese – Word Lists

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単語練習帳 | Words Worth Learning In English Or Japanese - Word Lists

Word Lists > General Word Lists

単語練習帳 | Word Lists

Word Lists > Studying > Vocabulary

General Word Lists

話す（talk）、食べる（eat）、飲む（drink）等

話した（talked）、食べた（ate）、飲んだ（drank）等
英語では、主語の次の動詞の末尾にed (d, ied,（動詞の末尾のアルファベット）ed) をつける。動詞によっては不規則に変化するものもある。
"I had a bowl of cereal for breakfast yesterday. "

"Have you been here before?" 食べたことがある（eaten）、飲んだことがある（drunk）等
These are great for "Have you ～?" questions.

Junior High School Vocabulary

Senior High School Vocabulary

Grammar

Testing (TOEIC)

Business English words for people that want to pass the TOEIC test. Please search through the list for new words and then try to use them in example sentences and/or questions.

Advanced Level

You might not see these words every day or have even heard of most of them. It's a collection of words that pop up in articles or in stories I have been reading mainly on the web.

Kanji List

These k

What are Verbs? List of 600+ English Verbs with Types, Examples, Rules

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What are Verbs? List of 600+ English Verbs with Types, Examples, Rules

Verbs are words that describe the way someone or something does something. They describe what the subject of a sentence is doing. Verbs can indicate (physical or mental) actions, occurrences and states of being. They describe an action, like the words eat, sleep, love and study. They are actions, words that involve motion or physical activity.

Examples: Verbs in a sentence

Glen teaches English.

Students are studying now.

True love exists.

Sentences must have at least one verb. A sentence can be just a single verb in the imperative form (e.g., “Go!”). In this example, the implied subject is you.

Grammar and Examples:

Mr. Rowell takes a lesson in the morning.

What does Mr. Rowell do?

He takes a lesson.

The action he is doing is "taking" a lesson.

So the action is denoted by the word “takes". In that case that word “takes" is the verb.

The university hired him.
Here, the word "hired" is the verb.

His

英文法: 過去分詞形・Past Participles

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英文法：動詞過去分詞形（Past Participle - Grammar）

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過去分詞形単語リストを見る

英文法過去分詞形（Past Participles) Examples

過去分詞はbe＋過去分詞で受動態，have＋過去分詞で完了形を表します。また動詞の性質をもちながら形容詞・副詞としても働き，副詞で働くときを特に分詞構文と言います。動詞の性質をもっているので，目的語や補語，副詞などとともに句を作ります。

In English, past participles ① are used in the passive voice ② and for all perfect tense ③ forms of a verb.

① (過去分詞形：eaten, seen, chosen, stolen, etc.)

② (受動態：My bag was stolen!)

③ (Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.)

0. 現在形 Present Simple

元気ですよ！！
（例）I feel great!

グレンさんは寿司が大好きです。
（例）Glen loves sushi.

地球は丸いです。
（例）The Earth is round.

太陽は西に沈む。
（例）The sun sets in the west.

学校の休みは3月27日から始まります。
（例）The school holidays begin on March 27th.

彼女はまだレッスンを終えていません。
（例）She hasn't finished her lesson yet.

1. 現在完了形 Present Perfect

英文法不可算名詞 How to Use Uncountable Nouns

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英文法不可算名詞を使う場合 How to Use Uncountable Nouns

不可算名詞（Uncountable Nouns）

英文法不可算名詞（Uncountable Nouns）

１.　不可算名詞を使う場合

(1) 複数という観念がない

(2) 一般的には冠詞を付けず、特定する事由があれば、定冠詞 the を付ける（詳しくは、英文法インデックス　定冠詞を参照）

(3) one、two ... と数えることができず、質問するときには、 How many ... ? ではなく、 How much ... ? の形をとる

２.　不可算名詞には little、less、least と much を使います。可算名詞に付ける few、fewer、fewest やmany は使いません。

× He had few choice but to make a deal.→ ○ He had little choice but to make a deal.

× There is not many time left.→ ○ There is not much time left.

３.　ビジネスの場面などで使われる、主な不可算名詞

They had difficulty in finding an accommodation in Sapporo near the station.

A fair amount of money goes on an advertising and sales promotion.

I want an advice on how to manage the proposed redevelopm

英文法動詞過去形 Past Tense Verbs

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英文法動詞過去形 Past Tense Verbs

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動詞一覧へ | クイズへ

英文法過去形（Past Tense）

過去形は、もう済んでしまった話として、現在との連続性が断たれている事柄を取り上げるときに使う時制です。例えば、I worked there for 15 years. と言われたとすれば、もうそこでは働いていないことがわかります。これに対して、現在完了形を使って I have worked there for 15 years. というのであれば、現在との連続性がある時制なので、今もそこで働いていることになります。同様に、I lost his notes of the meeting. と I have lost his notes of the meeting. を比べた場合では、後者ではノートをいまだに発見していないことがわかるのに対し、前者ではともかく「なくした」という済んだ話がわかるだけで、その後、発見したかもしれませんし、いまだに発見していないかもしれないということになります。

～ed の発音について

食べる　→　食べた

↓

飲む　→　飲んだ

↓

Click here to see a list and test at the bottom of this page.

単語リスト（Word List）

動詞一覧

arose（起こった）, babysat（子どもの世話をした）, beat（かき混ぜた）, became（になった）, bent（曲った）, began（始まった）, bet（賭けに負けた）, bound（縛りつけた）, bit（噛んだ）, bled（血が出った）, blew（消した）, broke（壊した）, bred（繁殖した）, brought（持ってきた）, broadcast（放送した）, built（作った）, bought（買った）, caught（捕まえた）, chose（選んだ）, came（来た）, cost（かかった）, cut（切った）, dealt（取引

文法ダブル短縮 | Double Contractions – Grammar

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文法ダブル短縮 | Double Contractions - Grammar

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Grammar List, Top Page

ダブル短縮リスト一覧

Suffix-Prefix Double Contractions:

suffix-prefix double contractions are formed from two contractions where the suffix of one contraction is the prefix of the other:

she + would + have = she'd + would've = she'd've

Prefix-Prefix Double Contractions:
prefix-prefix double contractions, are formed from two contractions that share a prefix:

they + will + have = they'll + they've = they'll've

Peculiar Cases:

double contractions where one of the contractions isn't arrived at formulaically makes the double contraction peculiar:

he will not = he'll not = he'lln't
he will not = he won't = he'on't

both cases are included for completeness

Other Double Contractio

Grammar & Usage　～文法＆語法について～　since / ago / for

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Grammar & Usage　～文法＆語法について～　since / ago / for

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SINCEとAGOとFORの違い | 英会話レッスン

Grammar & Usage　～文法＆語法について～

since / ago / for

　「私は２年前から英語を勉強しています。」を英語で言うとどうなるでしょうか。中３レベルの英文ですが、*“I have studied English since two years ago.” と、生徒に教えてしまってないでしょうか。

この“since two years ago” のように、“since” と “ago” が共存するのは「正用法」ではありません。多くの辞書には「“since ~ ago” は普通使われない、避けるべき」と書かれてあります。こうした説明に出くわしたことがなかったら、辞書の語法欄を読む習慣をつけることをお勧めします。

理由は“since” が「過去から現在までの動作」を、“ago” は「過去の一時点の動作（現在とは基本的に関係ない）」ことを表しているからです。結局「正用法」としては、“I have studied English for two years.” のように書くことになります。

「正用法」と強調しているのは、「“I have studied English since two years ago.” と言うこともある」からです。しかし、「通じればイイ」ということで安易にこの表現を教えたり使ったりするのはどうかなと思います。こうした文法や語法に関してしっかりした知識を持っておくことが大事だと思います。
WRITER’S GUIDE TO ENGLISH COMPOSITION AND USAGE から解説を引用しておきます。

since ～ / ～ ago

SINCE + a point in time
(2025, 1990, April, Monday...)

A length of time + AGO
(1 year, 20 years, a week, 2 days, 2 months...)

FOR

文法短縮[縮約]形リスト | List of Contractions

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文法短縮[縮約]形リスト | List of Contractions in English

文法～の短縮[縮約]形一覧

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Contraction 意味 = 短縮形（単語を短くした形）。例：I am → I'm |

I'd 意味 = I + would / had / should
I would（～したい / ～するだろう）, I had（～していた）, I should（～したほうがいい）。 |

you'd 意味 = you + would / had / should

Below are some handy lists of contractions to help make your English sound more natural.

[qsm_link id=16]Click here for a quiz.[/qsm_link]
[qsm_link id=16] 英語の短縮形クイズへ[/qsm_link]

BEの
短縮形
|

WILLの
短縮形
|

WOULDの
短縮形
|

HAVEの
短縮形
|

HADの
短縮形
|

Category: Grammar

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