英文法 過去分詞形（Past Participle）
過去分詞はbe＋過去分詞で受動態，have＋過去分詞で完了形を表します。また動詞の性質をもちながら形容詞・副詞としても働き，副詞で働くときを特に分詞構文と言います。動詞の性質をもっているので，目的語や補語，副詞などとともに句を作ります。
Past participles (過去分詞形：eaten, seen, chosen, stolen, etc) are used in the passive voice (受動態：My bag was stolen!) in English, and for all perfect tense (Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.) forms of a verb .
1. Present perfect
She hasn’t finished her lesson yet.
I still haven’t found my notebook.
2. Past perfect
Mio was happy because she had passed her Eiken exam.
She missed the bus because she hadn’t set her alarm.
3. Future perfect
At the end of the month, I will have been working in this office for ten years.
He will have gone by the time you get here.
4. Conditional perfect
If my apple had not been eaten, I would have used it to make a snack.
I wouldn’t have known, if you hadn’t told me.
5. Passive Voice
The end of the TOEIC test was finished by only half the students.
The language learning software was used to help remember the spelling of words.
Passive Verb Formation
| Tense | Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle |
|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Present | The lesson/lessons | is | are | finished. |
| Present perfect | The DVD/DVDs | has been | have been | made. |
| Past | The poster/posters | was | were | printed. |
| Past perfect | The book/books | had been | had been | ripped. |
| Future | The test/tests | will be | will be | checked. |
| Future perfect | The form/forms | will have been | will have been | designed. |
| Present progressive | The teacher/teachers | is being | are being | interviewed. |
| Past progressive | The game/games | was being | were being | delivered. |
Perfect Tense Formation
| I | have | finished the homework. |
| You | have | been to Sapporo. |
| He | has | just gone to the bank. |
| She | has | already had a break today. |
| It | has | been said before. |
| We | have | seen this dictionary before. |
| They | have | just bought a new house. |
For regular verbs, we normally add “ed” to make past participles. Unfortunately for irregular verbs you just need to remember most of them.
Participles as adjectives
Past Participles can also be used like an adjective in front of a noun:
The stolen pencil was found by students in the subway station.
My broken plate was taken away by the waiter at the restaurant.
Please bring all of the required documents. Your interview is tomorrow.
単語リスト（Word List）
動詞（Verb） → 過去形（Past Simple） → 過去分詞形（Past Participle）
A
am was been
arise arose arisen
B
babysit babysat babysat
be were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
bend bent bent
begin began begun
bet bet bet
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
buy bought bought
C
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
D
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
E
eat ate eaten
F
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
G
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
H
hang* hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
I
is was been
K
keep kept kept
know knew known
L
lay laid lain
lead led led
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie ** lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
M
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
P
pay paid paid
put put put
Q
quit quit quit
R
read *** read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
S
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spin spun spun
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
strike struck struck
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
T
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
U
understand understood understood
W
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
write wrote written
クイズ（Quiz）
am → ___________
arise → ___________
babysit → ___________
be → ___________
beat → ___________
become → ___________
bend → ___________
begin → ___________
bet → ___________
bind → ___________
bite → ___________
bleed → ___________
blow → ___________
break → ___________
breed → ___________
bring → ___________
broadcast → ___________
build → ___________
buy → ___________
catch → ___________
choose → ___________
come → ___________
cost → ___________
cut → ___________
deal → ___________
dig → ___________
do → ___________
draw → ___________
drink → ___________
drive → ___________
eat → ___________
fall → ___________
feed → ___________
feel → ___________
fight → ___________
find → ___________
fly → ___________
forbid → ___________
forget → ___________
forgive → ___________
freeze → ___________
get → ___________
give → ___________
go → ___________
grow → ___________
hang → ___________
have → ___________
hear → ___________
hide → ___________
hit → ___________
hold → ___________
hurt → ___________
is → ___________
keep → ___________
know → ___________
lay → ___________
lead → ___________
leave → ___________
lend → ___________
let → ___________
lie → ___________
light → ___________
lose → ___________
make → ___________
mean → ___________
meet → ___________
pay → ___________
put → ___________
quit → ___________
read → ___________
ride → ___________
ring → ___________
rise → ___________
run → ___________
say → ___________
see → ___________
sell → ___________
send → ___________
set → ___________
shake → ___________
shine → ___________
shoot → ___________
show → ___________
shut → ___________
sing → ___________
sink → ___________
sit → ___________
sleep → ___________
slide → ___________
speak → ___________
spend → ___________
spin → ___________
spread → ___________
stand → ___________
steal → ___________
stick → ___________
sting → ___________
strike → ___________
swear → ___________
sweep → ___________
swim → ___________
swing → ___________
take → ___________
teach → ___________
tear → ___________
tell → ___________
think → ___________
throw → ___________
understand → ___________
wake → ___________
wear → ___________
win → ___________
withdraw → ___________
write → ___________
「文法＆語法について」のトップページへ
Leave a Comment