The Meiji period (明治時代 Meiji-jidai), also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from September 1868 through July 1912. This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan. During this time society moved from being an isolated feudalism system to its modern form. Fundamental changes affected its social structure, internal politics, economy, military, and foreign relations.
Meiji restoration and the emperor
Learn about Japan’s Meiji period (September 1868-July 1912), significant cultural, political, & economic changes that occurred. Discover how the Meiji Emperor & government modernized/industrialized Japan, transforming it into a major world power.
Main article: Abolition of the han system
On February 3rd, 1867, fifteen-year-old prince Mutsuhito succeeded his father, Emperor Kōmei, to the Chrysanthemum Throne as the 122nd emperor.
Imperial restoration occurred the next year, on January 3rd, 1868, with the formation of the new government. The Tokugawa Shogunate was overthrown with the fall of Edo in the summer of 1868, and a new era called Meiji, meaning “enlightened rule”, began.
The first reform was the promulgation of the Five Charter Oath (五箇条の御誓文, Gokajō no Goseimon) in 1868, a general statement from the Meiji leaders that aimed to boost morale and win financial support for the new government. Its five provisions consisted of
Establishment of deliberative assemblies
Involvement of all classes in carrying out state affairs
The revocation of sumptuary laws and class restrictions on employment
Replacement of “evil customs” with the “just laws of nature” and
An international search for knowledge to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule.
Implicit in the Charter Oath was an end to exclusive political rule by the bakufu and a move toward more democratic participation in government. To implement the Charter Oath, leaders drafted a constitution with eleven articles. It established a new Council of State, legislative bodies, and systems of ranks for nobles and officials. The constitution also limited office tenure to four years, allowed public balloting, introduced a new taxation system, and imposed new local administrative rules.
The Meiji Government
The Meiji government assured the foreign powers that it would follow the old treaties negotiated by the bakufu. It announced that it would act in accordance with international law. Mutsuhito, who was to reign until 1912, selected a new reign title—Meiji, or Enlightened Rule. This was to mark the beginning of a new era in Japanese history. To further dramatize the new order, the capital was relocated from Kyoto, where it had been situated since 794. It was relocated to Tokyo (Eastern Capital), the new name for Edo. In a move critical for the consolidation of the new regime, most daimyo voluntarily surrendered their land and census records to the emperor in the abolition of the Han system, symbolizing that the land and people were under the emperor’s jurisdiction.
Trivia: Kyo to → To kyo
It looks like they just switched 2 parts of the name from Kyo-to to To-kyo in English but that’s not what happened.
Kyoto: 京都 Kyoto’s kanji translate to capital (京) where the Emperor lives (都).
Tokyo: 東京 Tokyo means “eastern (東) capital (京)”.
The character 京 (jīng in Chinese) originated as a pictographic symbol representing a mound, made by humans, with an observation tower on top of it, used for political observation.
The top “亠” part of the character is the shape of a roof of a building on a high ground.
“口” is a castle wall around the settlement or capital.
The “小” part represents the small hill.
Since ancient times, people have preferred living on higher grounds where floods weren’t a problems and settlements on such grounds later on usually became the main cities. Hence we have this character.
The character 京 gives a sense of “an elevated place” at its root.
The Meiji Restoration and the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867: The fifteen-year-old Meiji Emperor, moving from Kyoto to Tokyo, at the end of 1868, after the fall of Edo.
Confirmed in their hereditary positions, the daimyo became governors. The central government assumed their administrative expenses and paid samurai stipends. In 1871, prefectures replaced the han and authority continued to flow to the national government. Officials from the favored former han, such as Satsuma, Chōshū, Tosa, and Hizen staffed the new ministries. Formerly out-of-favor court nobles and lower-ranking but more radical, samurai replaced bakufu (tent government) appointees, daimyo and old court nobles as a new ruling class appeared.
What is a daimyo/shogun?
At the top of Japanese feudal society was the shogun.The shogun were the vassal lords, known as daimyo [DIME-yo]. The daimyo were large landholders who held their estates at the pleasure of the shogun. They controlled the armies that were to provide military service to the shogun when required.
Emperor Meiji in his fifties
(Syncretism is a union or attempted fusion of different religions, cultures, or philosophies — like Halloween, which has both Christian and pagan roots, or the combination of Aristotelian philosophy with the belief system of the early punk rock practitioners. )
As the Meiji Restoration aimed to restore the emperor’s central role, leaders began building a Shinto-based state similar to the one that had existed 1,000 years earlier. However, because Shinto and Buddhism had blended into a syncretic belief over the centuries, they needed to separate the two and construct a new form of State Shinto. To do this, they created the Office of Shinto Worship, which even outranked the Council of State.
At the same time, the government embraced the kokutai ideas promoted by the Mito school. These beliefs centered on Japan’s unique national identity, rooted in the emperor’s divine ancestry, the unbroken imperial line, and the unity of the people with the state. By supporting this ideology, leaders aimed to strengthen loyalty to the emperor and justify centralized rule. They also paid/funded Shinto teachers to help promote these values nationwide.
Although the Office of Shinto Worship lost its high status in 1872, by 1877 the Home Ministry had taken full control of all Shinto shrines. In addition, officials granted recognition to certain Shinto sects, removed Shinto from Buddhist control, and restored its property. While Buddhism lost official support, it experienced a revival. Christianity was legalized, and Confucianism remained an important ethical influence. Over time, more intellectuals began to align themselves with Western thought and modern methods.
Pleasant Surprises – I got a pleasant surprise a few day back when I got into the lift. A lady, I had never met before, greeted me in English and for some reason, it felt like I was back in Australia again. Her pronunciation was so nice. I wonder if she was born in Japan. I’ll have to ask her next time…
Japan has changed a lot in the past 10 years and it won’t be long until more people start using English in these day-to-day situations.
Glen
AGreatDream.com
japantoday.com
You Really Don’t Need Japanese, Do You?
“Of the roughly 20 countries I’ve been to, Japan is probably the most set up to accommodate people who don’t speak the local language. Many people live here with no more than a handful of simple phrases and do just fine. Lots of signs and menus are in English, and the entire population has received at least six years of English education. Even if you try to speak Japanese, it may not work. Sometimes no matter how perfectly you ask a question in Japanese, you’ll get an answer in English, or at least dumbed-down Japanese. Contrary to many countries that demand you speak the local language, Japan sometimes seems to prefer you don’t speak Japanese.”
We have had many request from people who are looking for free language software. The software listed on this website is free to use and can be updated by request as well.
Learn over 300 words that start with Q, including definitions | Language School AGREATDREAM
You will find a large list of words starting with the letter Q on this page. They are sorted by the number of letters they have. If you find any we have missed, please contact us so we can add them to the list.
Word, Scrabble Points, Words With Friends Points, Definition
quizzed 35 36 Past tense of quiz: To question or test someone’s knowledge, often in a playful or formal setting, e.g., the history teacher quizzed students everyday.
quizzer 34 35 A person who quizzes others, often someone who asks questions in a game, test or interview setting.
quizzes 34 35 Plural of quiz: Multiple instances of questioning or testing, e.g., weekly quizzes in a class.
quickly 25 27 To do something fast or in a swift manner; with speed, e.g., she finished her homework quickly. Quickly quickly QUICKLY quickly 比 more quickly 最 the most quickly 副 速く、急いで、素早く 1. Come here quickly. (急いでここに来なさい。) 2. You should get there as quickly as possible. (できるだけ急いでそこにいくべきです。）
quezals 25 27 A variant spelling of quetzals: Plural of quetzal, a colorful Central American bird with a long tail and vibrantly colored feathers.
quetzal 25 27 A bird native to Central America (genus Pharomachrus), prized for its iridescent green and red plumage; also the currency of Guatemala.
quokkas 24 25 Plural of quokka: A small marsupial native to Australia, known for its friendly demeanor and often called “the happiest animal on Earth.”
quicken 22 25 To make something faster or to stimulate; also to become quicker, e.g., quicken the pace of a project.
quacked 23 25 Past tense of quack: To make the sound of a duck or, informally, to speak falsely (e.g., a quack doctor).
quicker 22 24 Comparative form of quick: Faster or more rapid, e.g., a quicker response time.
quaking 21 24 Present participle of quake: Trembling or shaking, often due to fear or cold, e.g., quaking in terror.
quickie 22 24 Something done quickly, often a brief or informal act, e.g., a quickie meeting; also slang for a brief sexual encounter.
quipped 21 24 Past tense of quip: To make a witty or clever remark, e.g., he always quipped about the weather.
quixote 23 24 Referring to Don Quixote, the fictional character from Cervantes’ novel, often used to describe someone overly idealistic or impractical.
quippus 20 24 Plural of quippu, a variant of quipu: An ancient Incan device used for recording information, consisting of knotted cords/rope.
quakily 23 24 In a quaky manner; trembling or shaking, often used to describe a voice or movement, e.g., speaking quakily from fear.
quibble 20 24 To argue or complain about trivial matters; also a minor objection, e.g., don’t quibble over details.
quaffed 23 24 Past tense of quaff: To drink something heartily or in large quantities, e.g., quaffed a glass of wine. quipper 20 23 One who makes quips; a person known for witty or clever remarks.
quavery 22 23 Shaky or trembling, often used to describe a voice, e.g., a quavery tone due to nervousness.
quaffer 22 23 One who quaffs; a person who drinks heartily or enthusiastically.
qualify 22 23 To meet the requirements for something or to make something eligible, e.g., qualify for a competition; also to modify or limit, e.g., qualify a statement.
quivery 22 23 Shaking or trembling, similar to quavery but often implying more visible movement, e.g., quivery hands.
qubytes 21 22 A hypothetical or playful term, likely a blend of qubit (quantum bit, used in quantum computing) and byte, not standard but used in Scrabble contexts.
quondam 19 22 Former, ex- or erstwhile; something that once was but is no longer, e.g., a quondam friend.
qabalah 21 22 A variant spelling of Kabbalah: A mystical Jewish tradition involving esoteric teachings about the universe and God.
quiches 21 22 Plural of quiche: A savory French tart made with a pastry crust, eggs and fillings like cheese or vegetables.
quirked 21 22 Past tense of quirk: To twist or turn suddenly; also used to describe a facial expression, e.g., she quirked her eyebrow.
quantum 18 22 In physics, the smallest discrete unit of energy; also used broadly to mean a significant amount, e.g., a quantum leap in progress.
quahaug 20 22 A variant spelling of quahog: A type of edible clam found along the Atlantic coast of North America.
quaichs 21 22 Plural of quaich: A traditional Scottish drinking cup, often with two handles, used for communal toasting.
quamash 21 22 A variant spelling of camas: A North American plant (genus Camassia) with edible bulbs, historically a food source for Indigenous peoples.
queenly 19 21 In a manner befitting a queen; regal or majestic, e.g., her queenly presence.
quantic 18 21 A mathematical term for a homogeneous polynomial of two or more variables; also used in quantum physics contexts.
quavers 19 21 Plural of quaver: To tremble or shake (e.g., a voice); also a musical note (eighth note) in British English.
quayage 20 21 The fee charged for using a quay (a wharf or dock); also the area of a quay itself. The pronunciation of this word is “key”.
quintic 18 21 In mathematics, relating to a polynomial of degree five; also a noun for such a polynomial.
quinces 18 21 Plural of quince: A hard, yellow fruit used in cooking, often for jams or jellies; also the tree it grows on.
qiviuts 19 21 Plural of qiviut: The soft, warm underwool of a musk ox, often used in high-end clothing and textiles.
quahogs 20 21 Plural of quahog: Same as quahaug, an edible clam, scientifically known as Mercenaria mercenaria, native to North America’s Atlantic coast. It is also called a hard clam.
quadric 19 21 In mathematics, relating to a quadric surface or equation (degree two); also a noun for such a surface.
queuing 17 21 Present participle of queue: To line up or wait in a line, e.g., queuing for tickets.
quivers 19 21 Plural of quiver: To shake or tremble slightly; also a container for arrows.
quaggas 18 21 Plural of quagga: An extinct subspecies of zebra, native to South Africa, with stripes only on its front half.
quaighs 20 21 Plural of quaigh, a variant spelling of quaich: A traditional Scottish two-handled drinking cup.
quomodo 19 21 An archaic term meaning “the manner” or “how”; often used in Latin legal contexts.
qwertys 22 21 Plural of qwerty: Referring to the standard keyboard layout, often used as a shorthand for keyboards.
quakers 20 21 Plural of quaker: A member of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian denomination; also a trembling motion.
quorums 18 21 Plural of quorum: The minimum number of members required to conduct a meeting or make decisions.
quakier 20 21 Comparative form of quaky: More trembling or shaky, e.g., a quakier voice.
quohogs 20 21 A variant spelling of quahogs: Plural of quahog, the North American clam.
quinary 19 20 Relating to the number five; fifth in a series or based on a system of five, e.g., a quinary numeral system.
quoting 17 20 Present participle of quote: To repeat or cite someone’s words, often with attribution.
quartic 18 20 In mathematics, relating to a polynomial of degree four; also a noun for such a polynomial.
quangos 17 20 Plural of quango: A quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization, often funded by the government but operating independently.
quelled 17 20 Past tense of quell: To suppress or subdue, e.g., quelled a rebellion.
quiring 17 20 Present participle of quire: To arrange paper into a quire (a set of folded sheets); also a term for a choir in archaic contexts.
quietly 19 20 In a quiet manner; without noise or disturbance, e.g., speaking quietly.
qabalas 18 20 Plural of qabala, a variant of Kabbalah: The mystical Jewish tradition of esoteric teachings.
quashed 20 20 Past tense of quash: To suppress or annul, e.g., quashed a rumor or a legal decision.
quality 19 20 The standard or degree of excellence of something; also an attribute, e.g., a quality product.
quadded 19 20 Past tense of quad: To divide into four parts; in slang, short for quadrupled or related to quadriceps exercises.
queerly 19 20 In a strange or unusual manner; also historically tied to queer as odd or, more recently, relating to non-normative gender/sexuality.
quilled 17 20 Past tense of quill: To write with a quill pen; also relating to something adorned with quills (e.g., a porcupine).
qurshes 19 19 Plural of qursh, a variant of kurus: A Turkish monetary unit, 1/100 of a lira.
quinela 16 19 A variant spelling of quiniela: A type of betting pool, often in horse racing, where you pick the first two finishers in any order.
quilted 17 19 Past tense of quilt: To sew layers of fabric together with padding, e.g., a quilted blanket.
quillet 16 19 An archaic term for a subtle argument or quibble; also a small piece of land in historical usage.
quinols 16 19 Plural of quinol, a variant of hydroquinone: A chemical compound used in photography and as an antioxidant.
quintal 16 19 A unit of weight, historically 100 pounds; also used in metric systems as 100 kilograms.
quintan 16 19 Recurring every fifth day (e.g., a quintan fever); derived from Latin for “fifth.”
quintin 16 19 A historical term for a type of tilting post used in medieval jousting practice; also a proper name variant.
quoined 17 19 Past tense of quoin: To secure or build with quoins (cornerstones or wedges), often in masonry.
quinone 16 19 A chemical compound derived from benzene, often yellow, used in dyes and tanning.
quinoid 17 19 Resembling quinone; a chemical term for compounds with a similar structure to quinone.
quinine 16 19 A bitter alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark, used to treat malaria and as a flavoring in tonic water.
quinins 16 19 Plural of quinin, a variant spelling of quinine: The malaria-treating alkaloid.
quinnat 16 19 Another term for the Chinook salmon, a large Pacific salmon species.
quinina 16 19 A variant spelling of quinine: The alkaloid used in medicine and beverages.
quillai 16 19 A variant spelling of quillaja: A South American tree (genus Quillaja) whose bark is used as a soap substitute.
queller 16 19 One who quells; a suppressor or subduer, e.g., a queller of riots.
quailed 17 19 Past tense of quail: To shrink back in fear or to lose courage, e.g., quailed at the challenge.
quantal 16 19 Relating to a quantum or discrete amount; often used in physics or biology (e.g., quantal release of neurotransmitters).
queened 17 19 Past tense of queen: To promote a pawn to a queen in chess; also to act in a queenly manner.
quanted 17 19 Past tense of quant: To propel a boat using a pole (quant), a term used in British English, especially in the Fens.
quashes 19 19 Third-person singular of quash: To suppress or annul, e.g., she quashes rumors.
quasher 19 19 One who quashes; a person or thing that suppresses or annuls.
quintes 16 18 Plural of quinte: In fencing, a defensive position (the fifth parry); also a sequence of five cards in piquet (a card game).
quintet 16 18 A group of five, often musicians or singers; also used in literature for a five-line stanza.
quarrel 16 18 An argument or disagreement; also an old term for a crossbow bolt.
querida 17 18 A Spanish term meaning “darling” or “beloved,” often used as a term of endearment.
queered 17 18 Past tense of queer: To spoil or disrupt, e.g., queered the plan; also tied to queer in the sense of non-normative identity.
quitted 17 18 Past tense of quit: To leave or abandon, e.g., quitted the job.
quadrat 17 18 In printing, a piece of metal used for spacing; in ecology, a square plot used for sampling plants or animals.
quartan 16 18 Recurring every fourth day (e.g., a quartan fever); derived from Latin for “fourth.”
quoited 17 18 Past tense of quoit: To throw or play with a quoit, a ring used in a traditional game similar to horseshoes.
qindars 17 18 Plural of qindar, a variant of qintar: An Albanian monetary unit, 1/100 of a lek.
quintas 16 18 Plural of quinta: A country estate or villa, often in Spanish or Portuguese contexts.
quassin 16 18 A bitter compound extracted from the quassia tree, used in herbal medicine and as an insecticide.
quirted 17 18 Past tense of quirt: To strike with a quirt, a short riding whip used in the American West.
6 Letter Words – Words Beginning With Q – A List With Scores
Word, Scrabble Points, Words With Friends Points Definition
queazy 27 27 A variant spelling of queasy: Feeling nausea or unease, e.g., queazy from the boat ride.
quezal 24 26 A variant spelling of quetzal: A colorful Central American bird (genus Pharomachrus) with long tail feathers.
quacky 24 25 Resembling or characteristic of a duck’s sound; also informal for something quack-like (e.g., a quacky remedy).
quartz 24 25 A hard, crystalline mineral form of silicon dioxide, often used in jewelry or clocks.
quippy 22 24 Full of quips; marked by witty or clever remarks, e.g., a quippy comedian.
quokka 23 24 A small Australian marsupial known for its friendly appearance, often called “the happiest animal.”
quicks 21 23 Plural of quick: Archaic term for living or sensitive flesh; also a variant of quicksand in some contexts.
quacks 21 23 Third-person singular of quack: To make a duck sound; also plural of quack (a fraudulent doctor).
quippu 19 23 A variant spelling of quipu: An Incan knotted-cord device for recording information.
quirky 22 22 Characterized by peculiar or unexpected traits, e.g., a quirky sense of humor.
qualmy 20 22 A variant of queasy: Feeling nausea or discomfort, e.g., qualmy after eating.
quiffs 21 22 Plural of quiff: A tuft of hair styled upward, especially on the forehead; also a British term for a fringe. quench 20 22 To satisfy thirst or extinguish a fire, e.g., quench your thirst with water.
quaggy 20 22 Boggy or marshy; also soft and flabby, e.g., quaggy ground.
quaffs 21 22 Third-person singular of quaff: To drink heartily or in large amounts.
qubyte 20 21 A hypothetical term blending qubit (quantum bit) and byte, used in Scrabble but not standard.
quitch 20 21 A type of grass (Elymus repens) known as couch grass or twitch; to shake or get rid of.
quaich 20 21 A traditional Scottish two-handled drinking cup, often used for toasts.
quiche 20 21 A savory French tart with a pastry crust, filled with eggs, cheese, or vegetables.
quaked 20 21 Past tense of quake: To tremble or shake, e.g., quaked with fear.
quaker 19 20 A member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), a Christian denomination; also one who quakes. quaver 18 20 To tremble or shake (e.g., a voice); also a musical eighth note in British English.
qiviut 18 20 The soft underwool of the musk ox, prized for its warmth and used in textiles.
quirks 19 20 Plural of quirk: A peculiar habit or twist, e.g., her quirks make her unique.
quorum 17 20 The minimum number of members needed to conduct a meeting or make decisions.
quaigh 19 20 A variant spelling of quaich: A Scottish two-handled drinking cup.
quipus 17 20 Plural of quipu: Incan knotted-cord devices for recording data.
qualms 17 20 Plural of qualm: Feelings of unease or doubt, e.g., qualms about the decision.
quagga 17 20 An extinct zebra subspecies from South Africa, with stripes only on its front half.
quahog 19 20 An edible clam native to North America’s Atlantic coast.
quarks 19 20 Plural of quark: Fundamental particles in physics; also a type of cheese in German.
quiver 18 20 To tremble slightly; also a case for holding arrows. quohog 19 20 A variant spelling of quahog: An edible North American clam.
quakes 19 20 Third-person singular of quake: To tremble or shake, e.g., the earth quakes.
quince 17 20 A hard, yellow fruit used in cooking; also the tree it grows on.
quinic 17 20 Relating to quinic acid, a compound found in coffee and some fruits.
qwerty 21 20 The standard keyboard layout, named for the first six letters on the top row.
qurush 18 19 A variant spelling of qirsh: A Saudi Arabian monetary unit, 1/100 of a riyal.
quango 16 19 A quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization, often government-funded but independent.
qabala 17 19 A variant spelling of Kabbalah: A mystical Jewish tradition of esoteric teachings.
qubits 17 19 Plural of qubit: A quantum bit, the basic unit of quantum computing.
quinsy 18 19 An inflammation of the throat, especially around the tonsils; also called peritonsillar abscess.
quinol 15 18 A variant of hydroquinone: A chemical compound used in photography and as an antioxidant.
quills 15 18 Plural of quill: Feathers used as pens; also the spines of a porcupine.
queued 16 18 Past tense of queue: To line up or wait in a sequence.
quinin 15 18 A variant spelling of quinine: An alkaloid used to treat malaria.
queasy 18 18 Feeling nausea or discomfort, e.g., queasy from motion sickness.
quolls 15 18 Plural of quoll: A carnivorous marsupial native to Australia and New Guinea.
quells 15 18 Third-person singular of quell: To suppress or subdue, e.g., she quells dissent.
quarry 18 18 A place where stone is extracted; also to pursue prey or a target.
quotha 18 18 An archaic expression meaning “indeed” or “forsooth,” often used ironically.
quails 15 17 Third-person singular of quail: To lose courage; also plural of quail (a small bird).
quinoa 15 17 A grain-like crop grown for its edible seeds, popular in health foods.
quired 16 17 Past tense of quire: To arrange paper into a quire (a set of sheets); also tied to choir in archaic use.
quinte 15 17 In fencing, the fifth parry; also a sequence of five cards in piquet.
quinta 15 17 A country estate or villa, often in Spanish or Portuguese contexts.
quints 15 17 Plural of quint: A set of five; also slang for quintuplets.
qindar 16 17 A variant of qintar: An Albanian monetary unit, 1/100 of a lek.
queuer 15 17 One who queues; a person waiting in line.
queens 15 17 Plural of queen: A female ruler or the most powerful piece in chess.
quilts 15 17 Third-person singular of quilt: To sew layers of fabric with padding.
queans 15 17 An archaic term for a young woman or sometimes a bold or impudent girl.
quants 15 17 Plural of quant: A pole for propelling a boat; also short for quantitative analysts.
quanta 15 17 Plural of quantum: Discrete units of energy in physics.
quelea 15 17 A type of small African weaver bird, often in large flocks.
quoted 16 17 Past tense of quote: To repeat or cite someone’s words.
quaint 15 17 Charmingly old-fashioned or unusual, e.g., a quaint village.
qualia 15 17 Plural of quale: The subjective qualities of experience, e.g., the redness of red.
querns 15 17 Plural of quern: A hand-operated millstone for grinding grain.
queues 15 17 Third-person singular of queue: To line up or wait in sequence.
quoins 15 17 Plural of quoin: Cornerstones or wedges used in masonry or printing.
quotas 15 16 Plural of quota: A fixed share or amount assigned, e.g., sales quotas.
quotes 15 16 Third-person singular of quote: To cite or repeat words.
quoits 15 16 Plural of quoit: Rings thrown in a traditional game similar to horseshoes.
quoter 15 16 One who quotes; a person who cites or repeats words.
qanats 15 16 Plural of qanat: Underground irrigation channels used in arid regions, especially in Iran.
quaere 15 16 A Latin term meaning “query” or “consider,” used in legal or scholarly contexts.
quasar 15 16 A highly luminous celestial object, believed to be powered by black holes at the center of galaxies.
quarts 15 16 Plural of quart: A unit of volume equal to a quarter of a gallon.
quarto 15 16 A book size resulting from folding paper twice to make four leaves; also a historical paper size.
quarte 15 16 In fencing, the fourth parry; a defensive position.
quatre 15 16 French for “four”; also a term in heraldry or card games.
queers 15 16 Third-person singular of queer: To spoil or disrupt; also tied to non-normative identity.
quires 15 16 Plural of quire: A set of 24 or 25 sheets of paper; also an archaic term for choir.
qintar 15 16 An Albanian monetary unit, 1/100 of a lek.
quiets 15 16 Third-person singular of quiet: To make calm or silent.
quests 15 16 Third-person singular of quest: To search for something, e.g., quests for treasure.
quirts 15 16 Third-person singular of quirt: To strike with a short riding whip.
5 Letter Words – Words Beginning With Q – A List With Scores
I have made and uploaded a few new TOEIC quizzes for registered members. Check them out if you have time. You can see a sample of the TOEIC quiz if register.
The Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) is “an English language test designed specifically to measure the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment.”
Why should you do the TOEIC test?
It is a globally recognized assessment to evaluate the English skills of non-native English learners.o
It is increasingly being demanded by business corporations that seek individuals that are highly competent in English to support international projects and overseas business expansions.
In this world of globalization, you will be able to gain more linguistic skills to communicate effectively both in the work place and in your private life.
As we are well-aware, the job market is highly competitive and you need a competitive advantage to be distinct from other job applicants. Getting a high TOEIC score will support you to be highlighted from other job applicants, so that will be noticed by hiring managers.
A high TOEIC score will demonstrate to your hiring managers and superiors at work that you have made an effort to improve your skills and to achieve self-development. It will enhance your image and lead to better career prospects.
How should you prepare for the TOEIC Test?
The above key points will undoubtedly motivate you to get a high score on your TOEIC test. Although there might be many methods to improve your skills, here are some ways that can help you to get a high TOEIC score.
Learn new vocabulary: set a goal of learning 10 new words each day. After you understand the meaning of the words, apply them in a sentence. See whether you can make grammatically correct sentences with them.
Read the business news section of newspapers and renowned business magazines each week, and become familiar with the business terms used in corporate settings.
Listen to English news and other English programs on TV or on the web to improve your TOEIC listening skills.
Do many TOEIC practice tests every day under time restrictions. If you get a low score in a specified area of the TOEIC test, concentrate on improving that area more. Do many questions related to that question style.
Gain more knowledge of English grammar rules and commonly used English phrases.
Listen to the key information of the TOEIC listening tests such as Who? What? When? Where? Why? Most of the questions will be based on the answers to these questions.
Maintain a high motivation and have confidence that you can get a high score in the TOEIC test!
Our objective is to provide you with resources and mock TOEIC tests so that you will be fully prepared to face the actual test without any fear. Also in the future, we hope to add more articles and tips on how to get a high score.
TOEIC part 7 overview
1.1. Description of the task
In TOEIC part 7, you will read ten single passages, 2 double passages, and 3 triple passages. You will be asked 2-4 questions about each single passage and 5 questions about each double and triple passage. For each question, choose the answer that you think fits best according to the text. TOEIC Part 7 overview TOEIC Part 7 overview
There are 4 types of questions in TOEIC part 7: – Specific questions: How much is the product? How many kinds of … ? What percentage of the … ? When was the e-mail sent? How often / How long / Who … ?
Main idea questions: What is being advertised? What’s the purpose of the letter? What’s the main idea of the article? What is being discussed? What is the reason for this correspondence?
Inference questions: Who might use the product?
Who would be most likely to read this advertisement? + What is not mentioned as a way to promote the new product in X Hotel?
Vocabulary questions: The word “promotion” in paragraph 1, line 5 is closet in meaning to … The phrase “for rent” is closet in meaning to ….
Techniques to get a high score in TOEIC reading part 7
2.1. Skimming
a. What is skimming?
Skimming is reading rapidly to get the general ideas of the text. In TOEIC Reading, you are required to use this method frequently.
b. When do we need to use skimming?
– Skimming to identify the significance of the text as well as important information
– Skimming to identify key words
– After skimming a paragraph in the passage, you can know whether it’s necessary to read this part carefully.
c. How to do skimming?
– Firstly, read the topic of the text in TOEIC Part 7. This is the most concise summary of the text.
– Read the introduction or overview.
– Read the first paragraph of the text carefully.
– Check headlines and at the same time find the correlation between them.
– Read the first sentences of the remaining paragraphs.
NOTE:
The main idea of each paragraph often lies in the first sentence. If the text begins with a question or a quote, the main idea may lay in the last sentence. – Pay attention to: + Information answering WH-question words such as who, what, when, why and how. + Proper noun + Capitalized, italic, bold and underlined words – Read the entire last paragraph.
TOEIC reading part 7 tips
TOEIC Part 7 reading tips
2.2. Scanning
a. What is scanning?
Scanning is reading a text quickly in order to find specific information.
b. How to do scanning?
– It’s necessary to know what information you are looking for. If you identify what information you need to look for, it will be easier to find keywords in the text of TOEIC part 7.
– Guess what types of information in the text are and where they are included.
– Analyze the organization of the text before scanning.
– Quickly look at many lines at once.
– Once you locate the sentence containing needed information, stop and read that entire sentence.
2.3. Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is expressing the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words.
a. Use synonym Example:
– a car exhibition → an auto show – to identify problems in the system → to expose defects in the system – Vehicular access will be temporarily restricted. → Some roads will be closed for a certain period of time.
b. Use antonym Example:
– The construction will improve the traffic flow. → The construction will ease traffic congestion. – The museum is open to the public Tuesday through Saturday. → The museum is closed to the public on Monday.
c. Transform from concrete nouns into common nouns Example:
– She is eating an apple. → She is eating a fruit. – He bought a microwave oven. → He purchased a kitchen appliance.
d. Transform from common nouns into concrete nouns Example:
– fossil fuels → coal, oil, and gas – footwear → shoes, sandals, boots
e. Change parts of speech Example:
– to take occasional walks → to walk occasionally – to dress comfortably → to wear comfortable clothing
f. Use different structures Example:
– Street parking is available, but limited. → Visitors may have difficulty finding a place to park. – Competitive salary is based on the level of prior experience → Pay depends on how much experience the applicant has.
Methods to deal with passages in TOEIC part 7
3.1. Methods to deal with single passages
Determine types of passages (article, ad, announcement, etc) by looking at the title. – What is the purpose of the passage? Who wrote? Writing for whom? What is the main idea of each paragraph? – Read the questions and sort them out. Deal with questions in the order: specific questions – main idea questions – inference questions – vocabulary questions. – Looking for keywords (pay attention to paraphrasing) – Read carefully lines containing keywords and choose the best answer. Methods to deal with passages in toeic part 7 Methods to deal with passages in TOEIC part 7
3.2. Methods to deal with double/triple passages
Determine types of passages (memo, article, schedule, email, review, etc)
– What is the purpose of the passage?
Who wrote?
Writing for whom?
What is the connection between passages?
– Read the questions and sort them out.
Deal with questions in the order: specific questions – main idea questions – inference questions – vocabulary questions.
– Look for keywords (pay attention to paraphrasing)
– Read carefully for lines containing keywords and choose the best answer.
Tricks in TOEIC part 7
4.1. Correct answer is not clearly presented
Example:
All passengers are informed that photography in the immigration area is not permitted. Also, make sure that you have your passport and completed customs form ready for the officer. Proceed to the immigration desk only when instructed to come forward. Only one person at a time will be served, apart from families travelling with children under age of 10.
Why was the notice written?
To give instructions on filling out a form To announce changes in departure policies To provide guidelines for an immigration check.
Analyzing options:
To give instructions on filling out a form → not mentioned → wrong To announce changes in departure policies → wrong To provide guidelines for an immigration check – You may not be sure whether “guidelines” are correct or not, however, “immigration” is mentioned many times in the text and the options A and B are wrong. Thus, the best answer is C.
In short, the correct answer may not be clearly presented to trick candidates.
➨ How to avoid the trick: Get rid of clearly wrong answers
4.2. Long and short passages are miscellaneously arranged
Example:
To: Justin Roberts, Director of Admissions at Rivers University From: Daniel Newman, Headmaster of Sunnyside High School Date: March 14th, 2017 Subject: Sabrina Gouveia
Dear Mr. Roberts
When Ms. Gouveia first entered Sunnyside High as a ninth grader, I was initially impressed by her enthusiasm. She was willing to participate in all the possible event and activities that our school offered. She is a well-rounded person with a winning personality. Her friend and instructors praise her for being selfless, loving and optimistic. The atmosphere she creates makes everyone around her delighted. Ms. Gouveia is a very competent scholar. She is one the very few twelfth graders here who has never received a grade below A- during her high school career. Granting her an opportunity to become a part of Rivers University will not only give Ms. Gouveia a chance to shine even brighter but it will also allow Rivers University to gain a talent that will raise its prominence.
Please contact me if you have any questions about Ms. Gouveia. I am happy to aid her in any way possible
Sincerely,
Daniel Newman
Headmaster Sunnyside High School
1. What is the purpose of the e-mail?
A. To ask about a person’s personality. B. To provide information about an instructor’s high school grades. C. To announce the events that the school offers. D. To recommend a student to a college.
2. What is indicated about Mr. Newman?
A. He is Ms. Gouveia’s colleague. B. He works as a principal at a high school. C. He has received good grades in high school. D. He is familiar with Mr. Roberts.
➨ Trick: Many passages in Toeic part 7 are long but only ask two questions like the above example. Many people spend time reading every single word in the passage. This is not necessary.
➨ How to avoid the trick: Read questions first, then underline keywords and find information in the passage. In conclusion, this article is a brief information about TOEIC Part 7.
An Easy Quiz
A: Excuse me, may I speak with Mr. Glen Rowell, President of Sky Corporation?
B: I’m sorry, but may I ask with whom I am speaking?
A: This is Akiko Sato, Assistant Deputy Director of L-Plaza.
B: What is the purpose of the call?
A: I would like to invite President Rowell to this month’s meeting.
B: Just a moment, please.
Who called B?
Glen Rowell 2. Akiko Sato 3. Company Vendor 4. Your Mom
Textbooks: 7 new Eiken books, one English Q&A book, and many more (^-^)
These new textbooks/books will be a nice addition to the ever expanding library. I just need to index what is in them now. It’s amazing how heavy 3 piles of books can get. I must have been lifting 30 kilos or more.
Our online English study project/competition will be starting soon. Feel free to start now if you like. * Touch typing / study software *
Glen
Sapporo Eikaiwa AGreatDream.com
Effective textbook reading
Effective textbook reading is a key study skill for student success. Nearly every class makes you read them.
“Makes” is the right word here. “Requires,” “forces,” or “insists” will also work. Few people read textbooks unless they have to. If you read textbooks for fun, shoot me an email. I need to interview you, because I don’t think you exist.
Reading textbooks is weird. That’s right – weird. Granted, we all have to read them. But even you bookworms – the kinds of people who devour the Twilight books in one week, or Harry Potter, or the Hunger Games books – know that textbooks are a bit weird.
Think about it. Textbooks are the only books you read today that have pictures on nearly every page (Dr. Seuss fans excluded). In fact, should you be forced to read a textbook without pictures, you are in real trouble. Those books get seriously tough. Nevertheless, understanding how to read a textbook is vital.
The goal of a textbook is simple: inform and educate.
The goal of the Harry Potter books is very different. Novels tell stories. Textbooks communicate ideas through explanations of information. Because of this, you need a different strategy for reading textbooks. Follow these four easy steps to get on your way.
Textbooks
1. Don’t read front to back (aka, READ BACKWARDS)
Reading a textbook chapter front to back ensures that you will waste time.
I know it’s counter-intuitive to not read a book front to back, but don’t do it. Mystery novels stink when you read the back first, as do good thriller movies. If you read the last page of a Sherlock Holmes novel before you read the story, it won’t be that good. If you know Bruce Willis is dead, don’t watch the 6th Sense.
But textbooks are rarely building to a suspenseful twist at the end. I promise. I’ve read a lot. They don’t come with surprise endings. “And then, Abraham Lincoln dodged the bullet!” Yep, that’s never going to be in a textbook.
Want to try this strategy? Try reading your textbook chapter in this order: Go to the questions at the end first. Read them, answer them to the best of your ability, and then begin your actual reading strategies. This will sort of “prime the engine” of retention. Next, read the final summary of the chapter. This will give you a general background as to the Big Ideas in the chapter. Third, look at the headings and subdivision of the chapter. Fourth, read the chapter introduction. From that point you can then work through the chapter from front to back. By taking this out-of-order strategy, you are focusing not on the chronological order, but rather connecting the ideas found in the chapter together. This is infinitely more important than reading things in the order they were written.
2. Read for Big Ideas
Textbooks are extremely thorough. You, while needing thoroughness, are not going to be able to absorb every tiny detail found in a chapter. You have to focus on what’s most important. See our posts on filtering for more info on this.
Textbooks are great because they explain those Big Ideas in context, but make sure you don’t get lost in the minutiae. Read for the Big Ideas first and foremost and you’ll be able to sift through the mountain of information available.
In textbooks, Big Ideas are easy to spot because they are often in bold print or section headings. Look for the complete sentence thought that summarizes and drives each subdivision and you’ll have identified the Big Ideas.
3. Read for Key Details
Big Ideas need support. Otherwise they’re just opinions. After you identify each Big Idea, make note of the supporting details that fill out and help the Big Idea make sense.
While this looks different in each subject, they should be relatively easy to pick out. Key people, places, and events often make up the key details in history books. Grammar rules are the important details frequently in grammar books. For languages, vocab are some of the most important key details of the chapter. Check your notes against the questions at the end of the chapter. If they reflect the same key details, you know you are barking up the right tree.
4. Read the book once but your notes multiple times
You should never have to read a chapter more than once (in theory). If you’ve done your reading well and taken notes as you read, you have a record of the thoughts being communicated.
Granted, it takes a while to adapt to this approach. Don’t be upset if you have a time of adjustment before being able to read a chapter only once.
But if you put in the work now to get used to reading a textbook more effectively, consider the time you’ll save in the long-run. We promise you’ll see the benefits quickly. For those of you who are already using this type of active textbook reading strategy, congratulations on making the honor without losing your social life. Well done.
Learning idiomatic expressions is a very important part of the language-learning process. Much of everyday speech is based on colloquial and slang vocabulary – much of this vocabulary is based on idioms.
Our collection of English idioms will teach you the type of language that native speakers use every day. You will become more fluent in English and will be able to communicate better.
Double Click Popup Dictionary* Computers Only
English to Japanese Dictionary:
Double click on any English word, other than a link or page title, to check the meaning in Japanese. A separate popup dictionary page will open.
Idioms & Phrases: Free Study List
Set 1
About time: Nearly time, high time. “It’s about time you bought a new car!“
Absence makes the heart grow fonder: Proverb that means that our feeling for those we love increases when we are apart from them. “You know what they say? Absence makes the heart grow fonder.“
(To) act high and mighty: To act proudly and arrogantly. Vocalist Kyle Medina comments, “I wrote this song mainly about how people act high and mighty, talk a ton of negativity and trash, but are essentially not as holier than thou as they present themselves.“
Actions speak louder than words: Proverb meaning that’s it’s better to do something about a problem than to talk about it.
Act one’s age: To behave in a more mature way. Frequently said to a child or teen. “Bill, stop throwing rocks! Act your age!“
Add fuel to the fire: To make a bad problem even worse. “You don’t need to add fuel to the fire!“
Add insult to injury: To make a bad situation even worse.
Against the clock: To attempt to do something “against the clock” is to attempt to do something as fast as possible usually before a deadline.
All-out: Complete. Very strong. “They did an all-out search for the missing boy and they found him.“
All set: Ready (to go). “All set?“
All thumbs: Awkward. Clumsy.
A little bird told me: When someone says “a little bird told me” it means they don’t want you to know who told them.
All in a day’s work: Typical. Normal. Expected. “Talking to famous celebrities is all in a day’s work for some Hollywood reporters.“
(From) all walks of life: (From) all social, economic, and ethnic groups. “People from all walks of life voted for him, but he still lost the presidential election.“
Apple of someone’s eye: Someone’s favorite person (and sometimes thing). “Sarah was the apple of Tom’s eye for quite a long time. He was very much in love with her.“
Armed to the teeth: Heavily armed. “The rebels were armed to the teeth.“
At all hours (of the night): Very late at night, throughout the night. “Her boyfriend would call her at all hours of the night.“
At each other’s throats: Fighting or arguing heavily. “They were at each other’s throats. The arguments never stopped.“
At this stage: At this point. “At this stage, it’s difficult to say who will win the election.“
(a) ball-park figure: A rough estimate. “Can you give me a ball-park figure of what this project will cost?“
(To get on the) bandwagon: To begin to like something/start doing something because it’s popular, “hip“, or everyone else is doing it. “You don’t need to get on the bandwagon!“
(To) bank on something: To count or rely on something.
(To) bark up the wrong tree: To ask the wrong person. To make the wrong choice. “The gangster told the cops they were barking up the wrong tree in thinking he was responsible for the robbery.“
(A) basket-case: A very nervous person, someone at the verge of being neurotic. “All the stress from the divorce turned John into a basket case.“
(To) be a fan of someone/ something: To like, idolize, admire someone/ or something. “I’m not a big fan of heavy metal music.“
Set 2
Be in one’s element: To be completely comfortable doing something; To do something that comes very naturally to someone. “When it comes to speaking in public, the Senator is in his element.“
Be up to no good: To be planning something bad, mischievous, etc. “I could tell from the look in his eyes that he was up to no good.“
Beat around the bush: To avoid getting to the point. “Stop beating around the bush and tell me what you really think.“
Beg to differ: A polite way of saying “to disagree“, most often heard in the phrase “I beg to differ!“
Behind (someone): In the past. “I used to smoke, drink and take drugs, but all that is behind me now.“
Believe it or not: Used at the beginning sentence to state that something is true whether one chooses to believe it or not. “Believe it or not, I still care for her.“
Big fish in a little sea: A person who’s famous / well-known but only in an unimportant place (city or area).
I remember I was twelve when my mother asked me: “Son, do you want to be a big fish in a little sea, or a little fish in a big sea?” -Without hesitation I smiled and replied: “Mom, I just want to swim.” True story. Craig Paddon Cricket (March 30th, 2025)
(To have a) big mouth: To not be able to keep a secret. “Don’t tell her anything. She’s got a really big mouth.”
Big-shot (noun/adjective): An important person. “All the big-shots at headquarters never listen to what we have to say.”; “A big-shot reporter.”
(A) Bimbo: A foolish/empty girl. The term “male bimbo” is also used. “John only talks about his car and his clothes – he’s a real male bimbo.”
(The) birds and the bees: Sex. Human reproduction. “It’s about time I talked to my son about the birds and the bees.”
(A) bite to eat: A snack, some food. “Let’s go grab a bite to eat before we go to the game.”
Bite the hand that feeds you: To do harm to someone who helps you.
Bite one’s tongue: To struggle not to say something that you want to say. “I wanted to tell her everything, but I had to bite my tongue because I had promised Bill I would not (tell her).”
Black sheep (of the family): The worst, least accepted member of a family.
(A) blast: A great time. A fun time. “We had a blast at the party last night.”
Blow someone’s cover: To reveal someone’s secret, or true identity. “The spy was very careful not to blow her cover.”
Break even: To neither win nor lose. “Michael thought he would lose $200, but he ended up breaking even.”
Break new ground: To do something that hasn’t been done before. To innovate. “Dr. Davis was breaking new ground in cancer research.”
(To) break someone’s heart: To cause someone (strong) emotional pain. “Fiona broke James’ heart when she refused to marry him.”
(To) break the news to someone/ to break “it” to someone: To tell someone some important news, usually bad news. “I hate to be the one to break it to you, but your wife has been cheating on you.”
Burst into tears: To start crying suddenly.
Call it a day: To end work and go home. “Let’s call it a day. It’s getting late.”
(To) carry a tune: To be able to sing on key (accurately). “She has an awful voice! She can’t carry a tune.”
Set 3
(To) cash in on something: To profit from something. “The actor wanted to cash in on his popularity by opening a restaurant.”
(A) catch: When talking about wives, husbands, girlfriends, etc., people sometimes say “He’s quite a catch” or “She’s quite a catch” – which means “He/she is a great partner – it’s good to be in a relationship with him/her (usually because of his/her personality, money, or looks)”
(To) catch someone’s eye: To get someone’s attention through eye contact.
(A) cheap drunk: Also knows as “a cheap date”. A person who becomes drunk after only one or two drinks. “Victor had one gin and tonic and was already slurring – what a cheap drunk!”
(A) clean bill of health: A report from the doctor that one’s health is good. Good results from a doctor’s medical examination. “I went in for my yearly physical and got a clean bill of health from Dr. Jones”.
(To) clear the table: To remove all dishes, cutlery, etc. from a table after a meal.
(A) close call: Something that is close to danger or an accident. “That was a close call! The train almost hit the motorbike.”
Coast-to-coast: From the Atlantic to the Pacific coast in the United States. “Our car made the coast-to-coast trip in 70 hours”.
(To) come away empty handed: To return without anything. To expect to receive something but to end up receiving nothing. “The union workers came away empty handed from the negotiations.”
Come to an end: To finish. To stop. “When the road came to an end, we turned left.”
Come out of the closet: To reveal that one is gay.
Come to think of it: I just remembered. “Hey, come to think of it, I do have a sleeping bag you can borrow.”
(To) come up short: To not quite achieve one’s goal. “The students tried to raise $1,000 for the school play, but they came up short.”
Come what may Whatever happens. No matter what happens.
Copycat (noun or adjective) Someone who imitates/mimics another person *not really used in a positive sense*
(To) cover a lot of ground: To go through a lot of information. “We’ve covered a lot of ground in my English class in the past two months.”
(To) cover for someone: To make excuses for someone or to conceal someone’s errors.
(At the) crack of dawn: Right at dawn (when the sun comes up). “We left at the crack of dawn.”
(To) crash: Sleep. Go to bed.
(To) cramp someone’s style: To limit someone in some way. To limit someone from expressing themselves fully.
Cry one’s eyes out: To cry hard. “When her grandfather died, she cried her eyes out for three days straight.”
(To) cut class: To not go to class. To skip going to class. “Jacob was a very bad student. He was always cutting class to go smoke with his buddies.”
(To) cut loose: To act or speak freely, without holding back ( = without restraint). “When the three of us are together we really cut loose.”
(A) cut above (something): Superior/ better (than something). “The commercial said that this car company is ‘a cut above the rest’.”
Set 4
(To) die of boredom: To be very bored. “Science Shows You Can Die of Boredom, Literally.”
(A) dead ringer: A look-alike. “He’s a dead ringer for Jude Law” (He looks exactly like Jude Law).
Dirt cheap: Very cheap (inexpensive). “The hotel we stayed in was dirt cheap, but our room was very nice.”
(A) dog’s age: A very long time. “I haven’t seen him in a dog’s age.”
Don’t hold your breath: Don’t wait for it to happen because it probably won’t. “You think David will break up with Tina? Don’t hold your breath!”
Don’t let it get you down: Don’t let it upset you. Don’t allow it to make you feel bad.
Do the dishes: To wash the dishes. “Did you do the dishes?”
(A) downer: An event that causes one to be sad. “Your girlfriend broke up with you? What a downer!”
Down the drain: Wasted. Lost forever. “I tried for five years to run this business and now I’m bankrupt. Five years down the drain.”
(A) drag: Boring; a disappointment. “The party was a real drag” or “My car broke down… What a drag!”
(To) drive a hard bargain: To be firm when bargaining about something. You drive a hard bargain = It’s hard to win when bargaining with you. “You drive a hard bargain, but alright, I’ll pay you $10 for the lamp.”
(To) drive someone crazy: To make someone very agitated, upset, or emotional (either in a good or bad way). “That teacher is so awful! He drives me crazy with his attitude.”
Drop it: To stop talking about something. “I told you to drop it! I don’t want to talk about it.”
Drown one’s sorrows: To get/ become drunk.
(To) drop the ball: To make a mistake. (WARNING: This idiom is overused in the business world). “So it was John’s fault? Yes, John really dropped the ball on this one.”
(A) dream come true: A great thing. A dream or wish that has become reality. “Living in California is like a dream come true.”
Down in the dumps: Sad. Depressed.
(To) dump someone: (very informal): To end a relationship with someone; to break up with someone. To stop seeing someone (romantically). “She dumped me.”
Earful: a strong verbal scolding. “Katie’s father really gave her an earful when she came home at 4 AM.”
Easy: Not so fast. Calm down! “Easy! Don’t eat so fast!”
(As) easy as pie: Very easy.
Easy come, easy go: PROVERB. Said to explain the loss of something that was very easily obtained in the first place.
Easy-going: Tolerant. Laid-back. Relaxed.
(To) eat one’s heart out: To be envious or jealous. “Eat your heart out Frank, I’m going to Paris!”
Eat out of someone’s hands: To do whatever someone else wants. “James would do anything for Vicky. She had him eating out of her hands.”
(To) eat one’s words:
To admit that what one said was wrong. “You think I won’t be able to find work in one week? I’m going to make you eat your words.”
Elbow room: Enough space (room) to feel comfortable.
Enough is enough: That is enough and there should be no more.
(To) enter one’s mind: To cross one’s mind. To start thinking about something. “You want me to become a doctor? The thought never even entered my mind.”
Everything but the kitchen sink: Almost everything one can think of.
Every so often: Once in while. Occasionally.
Every other: Every second. Alternate. “In Los Angeles, every other person is an actor.”
Expecting: Pregnant.
Face the music: To accept the (unpleasant) consequences of what you have done.
(To) fall flat (on one’s face): Fail. To be unsuccessful. “The play fell flat on its face.”
Fair-weather friend A person who is only your friend when things are going well for you.
Feel like a new person: To feel refreshed, rejuvenated.
(To) fall into place: To become organized. To fit together. “Once I started meditating, everything in my life began to fall into place.”
Fall short: To lack something. “We tried to raise fifty thousand dollars, but we fell short by about ten thousand.”
(A) falling out: A disagreement/break in a friendship. “We had a falling out over what she said.”
(A) far cry:
Very different (often in a worse way). “This wine is nice, but it’s a far cry from the wine we had yesterday.”
(To) feel like a new person:
To feel refreshed, rejuvenated.
(To) feel out of place:
To feel like you don’t belong. “We went to Mary’s party last night. There were many strange people there and I felt a little out of place, so we left.”
(A) Fifth wheel:
Useless, out of place, unnecessary. “There were only couples there… I felt like a fifth wheel.”
(To) fill someone’s shoes:
To replace someone. To do something someone else used to do. “Cathy has been working here for 20 years. It’s going to be hard to find someone to fill her shoes.”
(A) fine line: Not much difference. “Sometimes there’s a fine line between love and infatuation.”
First and foremost: First and most importantly.
First thing: Before anything else. “Call me first thing tomorrow morning.”
Fish for a compliment: To try very hard to get a compliment from someone.
(To) fix someone (some food – like cocoa, oatmeal, etc.): To prepare (some food) for someone. “I’ll fix you a cup of cocoa.”
Flat broke: Very poor. Having absolutely no money.
(To) follow one’s heart: To act according to your feelings/ emotions. “I couldn’t decide what to do so I just followed my heart.”
Food for thought: Something to think about.
(A) fork in the road: A point when a road splits in two directions.
Free and easy: Casual. Not very serious. “Sarah was looking for a free and easy relationship.”
(A) fresh pair of eyes: A new reader, someone who hasn’t seen something before. “Hey can you come check out this report? We need a fresh pair of eyes.”
(A) full plate: A busy schedule. “Mark can you help me with this project? Not really, I’ve got a full plate right now.”
Fun and games: Playing around. Time spent doing worthless things. “OK, Neil, the fun and games are over. It’s time to get down to work.”
Get a move on: To go or do something quickly; to get going. Hey if we want to make the 8:00 PM show we should get a move on.
Get carried away: Exaggerate; go too far; become emotional. I got carried away and bought 10 shirts! She got carried away when she started talking about the war.
(To) get caught up: To become involved, especially emotionally. I just got caught up in his plan and couldn’t think straight.
Get cold feet: To become timid or frightened. I usually get cold feet when I have to speak in public.
(To) get down to business: To start working seriously. Enough playing around – let’s get down to business.
(To) get that all the time: To hear something constantly. Hey, you really look like Brad Pitt! Yeah, I get that all the time.
Get one’s foot in the door: To get started in a process. To attain a favorable position which will help one work toward a goal. “I’m trying to find a better job, but I can’t get my foot in the door. (To) get one’s fill of something: To have enough of something. To have a lot of something. “She’s had her fill of trouble lately.”
(To) get on someone’s nerves: Annoy someone. Bother or irritate someone.
Get rid of (something/someone): To eliminate, throw away or hide something. “This detergent gets rid of dirt better than any other one that I’ve used.”, “Get rid of the cigarette – your mother’s coming!”
Get something off one’s chest: To say something that has been on your mind. To say something that has been bothering you. “Did you tell her about Hawaii? Yes, and I felt much better once I got that off my chest.”
(To) get the blues: To become sad or depressed.
(To) get something straight: To clarify something. To understand something clearly.
Give someone a call: To call someone (on the telephone).
(To) give someone the benefit of the doubt: To believe in someone despite information that makes them seem guilty of something. “Hey, don’t believe the rumors – give him the benefit of the doubt.”
(To) give someone a piece of one’s mind: To bawl someone out. To let someone know how one really feels. “After that driver took my parking spot, I really gave him a piece of my mind.”
(A) go-getter: an aggressive employee, a hard worker. “Jim is a real go-getter. He’s always taking the initiative.”
(To) go Dutch: To go halves. When a group of people go out and everyone pays for him/herself.
(To) go overboard: To do too much. To exaggerate. “They really went overboard with the party preparations.”
Go up in flames: To burn. To be consumed in flames.
(To) go over something with a fine toothed comb: To go over something very carefully, esp. checking for errors. “Here’s the report – Make sure to go over it with a fine toothed comb.”
(To) go to someone’s head: To make someone overly conceited or proud. “That award that he won really went to his head.”
A golden opportunity: A good chance to succeed, a good investment. “I didn’t have money to buy that restaurant. I missed a golden opportunity.”
Half-baked: Foolish.
Hand-me-down: Usually said of clothing that has been passed on from one person to another. “A hand-me-down dress.”
Hands down: Easily. By far. “She is hands down the most beautiful girl in class.”
Hang on: Be prepared for fast and/or rough movement.
(To) hang on someone’s every word: To listen very carefully to someone. “Grandpa was telling a story and the kids were hanging on his every word.”
(To) hate someone’s guts: To hate someone very much.
(To) have a big mouth: To be a gossiper. To be a person who can’t keep a secret. “Don’t tell her anything! She has a big mouth.”
(To) have a lot going for (someone): To have a lot of good things in one’s life. To have many things working to one’s benefit. She has a lot going for her. She’s smart, attractive and has a good job.
Have a sweet tooth: To love to eat candy or other sweets. I have a sweet tooth.
(To) have an edge: Have an advantage.
Have mixed feelings (about something): To be unsure or uncertain about something. I’m having mixed feeling about going there.
(To) have one’s hands full: To be busy, occupied with some kind of activity, work, etc. I have my hands full with my three children.
(To) have one’s heart set on something: To really want something to happen. To expect something to happen. Julie has her heart set on going to London this summer.
(A) hit: A popular song or film. Titanic was a hit (movie).
Hit the spot: To satisfy a need exactly. To be exactly right (often said about food or drinks). That was a delicious meal. It hit the spot.
(To) hit bottom: To reach the lowest point.
(To) hit the road: To leave, start on a trip, etc. It’s already 9:00 AM. We have to hit the road soon!
(To) hit a snag: To run into a problem. The project hit a snag when testing failed to produce favorable results.
Hold on! Wait. Hold on, I’ll be with you in just a moment.
(To be) homesick: To miss one’s home, country, city, etc. “Francesca is really homesick. She really wants to go back to Italy.”
How on earth… ? How in the world… ? When asking a question, “How on earth…” and “How in the world…” emphasize the fact that something incredible or very hard to believe happened. “How on earth did you get that job? (it was very hard to get)” “How on earth did you fix that car!? (it was impossible to fix)” etc.
If worst comes to worst: If things get really bad. “If worst comes to worst, we can always fire him.”
Ill-at-ease: Uncomfortable. “She seemed to be ill-at-ease talking to the doctor about her problems”.
In bad taste: Rude. Vulgar. Obscene. “John’s jokes are always in bad taste.”
In broad daylight:
Publicly visible in the daytime. “This city is very dangerous. You can get robbed in broad daylight.”
In good shape/ condition:
Physically and functionally sound and sturdy. “Shape” is generally used more for people. “The car is in good condition. Bill is in good shape.”
In mint condition:
In perfect condition (not used for people).
In no mood to do something:
To not feel like doing something. To not want to do something. “I’m in no mood to cook dinner tonight.”
In season:
Currently available for selling (often said of fresh fruit and vegetables). “Tomatoes are very cheap now because they’re in season.”
In stock:
Available for purchase, as in goods in a store. “Do you have any more of these books in stock? No, I’m sorry we don’t.”
In the air:
Everywhere. All around.
In the long run:
Over a long period of time. Ultimately. “He smokes a lot now, and I’m afraid that in the long run it will cost him his health.”
In the same boat:
In the same situation (usually negative).
In and out:
Coming in and going out often. “She’s been in and out all day.”
In with:
Friendly with. Friends with. “At high school he was in with the wrong crowd. That’s why he always got in trouble.”
In advance:
Ahead of time.
Jam-packed:
Very crowded. “The stadium was jam packed on Saturday.”
(To) jam on the brakes:
To hit/ step on the brakes suddenly to stop the car.
Jack-of-all-trades:
A person who knows how to do a lot of different things.
(To) jump all over someone/ jump down someone’s throat:
To criticize or blame someone. “As soon as I brought up going out with my friends, she jumped all over me.”
(To) jump the gun:
To get something started too soon. To start too soon. “We have to do a lot more work before we launch this product. We don’t want to jump the gun.”
(To) jump at:
To quickly accept. “The journalist jumped at the chance to interview Madonna.”
Just about:
Almost. “I’m just about finished.”
Just now:
Just a minute ago.
Just what the doctor ordered:
Exactly what is needed. “This vacation is great! It’s just what the doctor ordered.”
(To) keep a low profile:
To lay low. To not attract attention to oneself by talking loudly, dressing in flashy clothes, causing trouble, etc. “The bank robbers knew that they had to keep a low profile until they crossed the border.”
(To) keep an eye on:
To watch. To pay attention to. “I have to go to the store. Can you please keep an eye on the baby for 10 minutes?”
(To) keep a straight face:
To force oneself not to laugh, even though one wants to. “He was saying the stupidest things, and I was finding it hard to keep a straight face.”
(To) keep one’s cool:
To remain calm.
(To) keep one’s word:
To uphold one’s promise. “He’s a very honorable person who always keeps his word.”
(To) keep someone posted:
To keep someone informed.
(To) keep someone up:
To not allow someone to sleep. “The neighbors’ party kept me up all night.”
(To) keep something to oneself:
To not let others know about something. To not reveal something. “Hey, don’t tell anyone about your time in prison. Keep it to yourself.”
(To) keep track of:
To maintain a record of. “I don’t know where all my money goes. It’s hard to keep track of my expenses.”
(A) kept man/woman:
Someone who is in a relationship where the other person pays for everything. “Stephen’s girlfriend always pays for everything. He’s such a kept man.”
(To) kick back:
To relax.
(To) kick oneself:
To regret.
(To) kill time:
To waste time.
Knock it off!:
Stop it!
Knock on wood:
A phrase said to cancel out (imaginary) bad luck.
(To) know something inside-out:
To know something completely and thoroughly. “Let me show you around – I know this neighborhood inside-out.”
(To) know the score:
To know the facts. To know how things go.
Know-it-all:
A person who acts like they know everything. “Robert is so conceited! Yeah, he’s a real know-it-all.”
(A) lady-killer:
A handsome man; a man who charms women. This does NOT mean “killer of ladies!” :)
Last but not least:
Last in order but not last in importance. “Last but not least I’d like to thank my parents.”
Last ditch (adj.):
Final (*has a slight connotation of “desperate”*). “They made a last-ditch effort to win the game, but came up short.”
(To) lay a finger on someone:
To touch someone even very slightly. “If you so much as lay a finger on him, you will be in trouble.”
(To) lay low:
SEE “Keep a low profile”
(To) leave a bad taste in someone’s mouth:
To leave a negative impression on someone.
(To) leave someone high and dry:
To leave someone helpless. “Don’t leave me high. Don’t leave me dry.” – Radiohead
(To) leave someone in peace/ alone:
To stop bothering someone. “Leave me alone! I don’t want to talk to anyone.”
(To) let off steam:
To release energy or anger. “Victor went drinking, and got into a fight. That’s OK, he’s just letting off a little steam.”
(To) let someone off the hook:
To release someone from responsibility. “Natalie said she didn’t want to wash the dishes, but her mom didn’t let her off the hook.”
(To) let something slide:
To neglect something. To ignore something. “I’m going to let it slide this time, but next time be more careful!”
(A) lift:
A ride. “She gave me a lift to the airport.”
Little by little:
Slowly, gradually. “Little by little she started to like living in New York City.”
(A) little off:
Not quite even, normal. “There was something a little off about the way she was behaving.”
(To) lock horns:
To argue; have a dispute; disagree.
(To) look the other way:
To ignore something on purpose. “In some countries, customs officials can be paid to look the other way.”
(A) long shot:
Something that has a slim (small) chance of happening. “They might win, but it’s a long-shot.”
(To) lose (someone):
This is often used when someone is chasing someone OR being chased by someone. If you’re being chased by someone and you manage to get away you can say – “I lost him!” – The person chasing you can say the same thing – “I lost him” :)
(To) lose one’s temper:
To become angry.
(To) lose one’s train of thought:
To forget what one was thinking/ talking about. “What was I saying? I lost my train of thought.”
Lost in thought:
Busy thinking.
(To) lower one’s voice:
To talk more softly. “Lower your voice, my parents are asleep.”
(A) lucky break:
Good luck, good fortune. “I was supposed to speak at the meeting today, but I found out it was cancelled. What a lucky break!”
(To) make a beeline for:
To head directly to. “Whenever he comes into the cafeteria, he makes a beeline for the fried shrimp.”
(To) make a bundle:
To make a lot of money (one time). “I made a bundle when I sold my Microsoft stock last month.”
(To) make a long story short:
To bring a story to an end; To sum things up.
(To) make a pass at someone:
To make romantic advances. To “hit on”. “Karl was fired because he made a pass at his co-worker Fiona.”
(To) make believe:
To pretend. “When your friends come, let’s make believe ( = pretend) we don’t know each other.”
(To) make ends meet:
To have enough money to pay one’s basic expenses; to just to get by. “This town is so expensive that it’s hard to make ends meet sometimes.”
(To) make good money:
To make a lot of money (regularly). “Shawm doesn’t like his job, but he makes good money.”
(To) make light of something:
To treat something as if it were trivial or unimportant. “Don’t make light of the situation – it’s more serious than you think.”
(To) make life miserable for someone:
To cause someone lots of problems. “Patricia’s boss is making life miserable for her.”
(To) make up one’s mind:
To make a decision. “I’ve made up my mind – I’m moving to Costa Rica.”
(To) make oneself at home:
To feel as comfortable as one would being at home. “During your visit just make yourself at home.”
(To) make someone’s head spin:
To make someone dizzy or disoriented. “All that alcohol made my head spin.”
(To) make something from scratch:
To make something by starting with the basic ingredients. “Did you bake that cake? No, I made it from scratch.”
(To) meet someone halfway:
To compromise with someone. “They settled the argument by deciding to meet each other halfway.”
(To) mention something in passing:
To mention something casually.
(The) middle of nowhere:
A very isolated place. “Our car broke down in the middle of nowhere. The nearest town was 100 miles away!”
(To) mind one’s own business:
Not to interfere/ get involved in the business of others. “Sometimes it’s best to mind your own business.”
Money talks:
Having money helps one get things done.
(There’s) more than meets the eye:
More complicated/more interesting. “There’s more than meets the eye when it comes to Maria = Maria is more interesting (or complicated, depending on the context) than she appears.”
(To) move up in the world:
To increase one’s standing socially, etc. To become successful.
(A) must:
Necessary. “In Los Angeles, having a car is a must.”
neck and neck:
Very close (almost even), as in a race. “The two candidates were running neck and neck a month before the election.”
neck of the woods:
Area. Part of a country. “What’s happening in your neck of the woods?”
(To) need a hand:
To need help.
Neither here nor there:
Not relevant. All of a sudden he started talking about his car – a topic which was neither here nor there.
Nest egg:
Saved money.
Never mind:
Don’t worry about it. “Did you pick up my photos? Never mind, I’ll do it myself tomorrow.”
(To) nip something in the bud:
To end something at an early stage.
No laughing matter:
A very serious matter. “Hey, why are you smiling? This is no laughing matter!”
No picnic:
Not easy. Very difficult and problematic. Let me tell you, driving in that snowstorm was no picnic.
No rush:
You don’t have to hurry. Do you want this done by this evening? No, there’s no rush. You can finish it tomorrow.
No skin off my nose:
I don’t care because it doesn’t affect me.
No sweat:
Easy to do; no problem
No wonder:
It’s not surprising. He only slept for two hours last night? No wonder he’s so tired.
(To) not be born yesterday:
To be experienced, knowledgeable. “Of course I know that trick! I wasn’t born yesterday.”
Not in the least?:
Not at all. “Were you surprised that he failed the FCE? Not in the least.”
Not likely:
Probably will not happen. “You think George will learn a lesson from this? Not likely.”
Not much of:
Pretty bad. “He’s not much of a cook, but at least he tries.”
Now and then:
Occasionally.
Not wrong:
Correct. 間違っていない。
Odd man out:
An unusual or atypical person (or thing). “In a high school where everyone was tough, I was the odd man out.”
Off-color:
Rude. Vulgar.
Off-duty:
Not working at one’s job. “the policeman couldn’t help me because he was off-duty.”
Off the air:
No longer on TV (or the radio). “They took that show off the air in November because nobody watched it.”
Off the hook:
No longer having to do something, no longer blamed or under suspicion. “Ok, you’re off the hook. Your brother says he’ll clean the bathroom.”
Off the record:
Unofficially.
Off the top of one’s head:
Spontaneously. Without thinking too much. “How many cafes are there in this town? Off the top of my head I can think of about 6.”
On one’s mind:
Occupying someone’s thoughts. Being thought about. “You were always on my mind.”
(To do something) on one’s own accord:
Willingly, without anyone forcing one to do something. “Did you make him apologize? No, he did it on his own accord.”
On second thought:
Having given something more thought. “On second thought, maybe you should sell your house and move into an apartment.”
On the go:
Busy. Moving around busily. “Jim is always on the go. He can never find time to talk to me.”
On the house:
Something that is given away free by a merchant. “How much for the apple? Don’t worry. It’s on the house!”
On the loose:
(Most often used speaking about criminals) – free; not captured; “The bank robbers are still on the loose.”
On the tip of one’s tongue:
About to be said. Almost remembered.
On the wagon:
Not drinking alcohol. “Hey let’s go out for a couple of beers tonight. I can’t – I’m on the wagon.”
Once in a while:
Occasionally.
On the surface: Superficially; Considering only the obvious details, like appearance of someone or something.
Other side of the tracks: The poorer part of a town.
Out cold: Unconscious. “The boxer was out cold.”
Out of sorts: Not quite oneself; In a bad/strange mood. “Tom has been out of sorts recently.”
(A) pain in the butt: A problematic person/thing. Chronic complainer. “I hate doing my taxes. It’s such a pain in the butt.” “Stop being such a pain in the butt – all you do is complain!”
(To) pass the buck: To blame someone else.
(To) pass the time: To do something to keep busy. “What do you do to pass the time around here?”
(A) pat on the back: A sign of approval – “To give someone a pat on the back” means to show them that you approve of something that they did.
(To) pay an arm and a leg/ pay a fortune: To pay a lot of money. “I hate to have to pay an arm and a leg for a tank of gas.”
(A) peeping Tomm: Someone who looks through people’s windows.
(A) piece of cake: Very easy. “Hey how did you do on the test? Good – it was a piece of cake for me.”
(To give someone) a piece of one’s mind: To scold, reprimand someone (for something they did). “After I found out how badly Peter had treated his girlfriend, I gave him a piece of my mind.”
(To) pitch in: To help with something (especially financially). “Let’s all pitch in and buy him a nice present.”
(To) pick up the tab: To pay a bill. “John, you picked up the tab last time – Let me pay this time.”
(To) play second fiddle to someone: To be second in importance to someone. “Sam didn’t join the team because they already had a star and Sam didn’t wanted to play second fiddle to anyone.”
(To) play something by ear: To improvise. To see how things go and make a decision later. “What do you want to do tonight? I don’t know, let’s just play it by ear.”
(To) play it safe: To act or be safe. To do something safely.
(To) play the field: To date many different people instead of going steady. “After Mary broke up with Jim, she started playing the field.”
(A) poker face: A face with no expression. Also common is “to be poker-faced.”
preachy: An adjective that describes someone (or something) that tries to preach how one should live, etc. eg. “A preachy movie”
Pressed for time: In a hurry.
(To) promise someone the moon: To promise someone lots of extravagant things (unrealistically). “He promised her the moon, but couldn’t deliver on any of his promises.”
(To) puke: Vomit or throw up.
Pull someone’s leg: To kid, or play a joke on someone.
(To) pull a fast one: To cheat or to deceive.
Pure gold: If something is “pure gold” it is “the best”, “fantastic”, “amazing”.
(To) push one’s luck: To expect continued good fortune.
(To) put up a good fight: To try very hard. “Well, although my team lost, they put up a good fight, so I’m not upset.”
Quick study: Someone who is able to memorize or learn something quickly and easily. “I was worried she wouldn’t be able to get up to speed quickly enough, but she proved to be a quick study.”
Quite a few: Many. “There were quite a few people at the concert yesterday.”
Quite a bit: A lot.
(As) quiet as a mouse: Very quiet.
Quick on the uptake: Quick to understand.
Quick and dirty: Fast and simple, not very sophisticated.
(To) rack one’s brain: To try very hard to think of something. “I racked my brain but I couldn’t remember his name.”
(To) rain cats and dogs: To rain very hard. “It was raining cats and dogs last night.” NB: *Although this is a fun idiom, in our opinion it is ARCHAIC = it’s best to say “It was raining very heavily” instead*
Rain or shine: No matter what the weather is like.
(To) raise (some) eyebrows: To shock. “The art show raised some eyebrows due to its explicit content.”
(A) redneck: Generally refers to someone who has either bigoted or narrow-minded opinions. Often used in the context of people who live in small towns or in the country.
(To) read between the lines: To try to understand what is meant by something that is not written/said clearly. “Linda tried to be cheerful and said she was okay, but reading between the lines, I could see she was really upset.”
(A) regular guy: A normal, average man (said in a fairly positive way). “John? I don’t know, I guess he’s just a regular guy.”
(To) rest one’s case: When someone says “I rest my case”, it means that you both have just witnessed proof that their point of view/argument is correct.
Right off the bat: Right away. Immediately. First thing.
(To) ring in the new year: To celebrate the beginning of the New Year at midnight on December 31st.
(To) ring a bell: To remind, vaguely recognize something. “Have you ever listened to Alex Chilton? I’m not sure – the name rings a bell, though. ( = I think I’ve heard the name before)” or “I’m sorry, that doesn’t ring a bell = I’m sorry I don’t recognize/know that”
(A) rip-off or (To) rip-off: “A” rip-off is something that costs more than it should. “The popcorn prices at the movie theater are a rip-off”. “To” rip someone off means to steal from someone, or to cheat someone. “The mechanic ripped me off. He was supposed to give me back a 20 and he only gave me back 10.”
(To) risk one’s neck (to do something): To risk (sometimes physical) harm to accomplish something. “He’s always been very mean to me. I don’t plan to risk my neck to save his job.”
(To) rob the cradle: To go out with (or marry) someone who is much younger than you are. “Victor’s new wife is 25 years younger than him. Talk about robbing the cradle!”
(To) rock the boat: To disturb an otherwise stable situation.
Rotten: Bad, nasty. “I’ve done a lot of rotten things in the past.”
(To) rub someone the wrong way: To irritate someone. “I’m not going out if your cousin is going. She really rubs me the wrong way.”
(To) rub elbows with someone: To associate with someone. “When her singing career took off, Kathleen was able to rub elbows with the rich and famous.”
(To) run a fever: To have a fever.
(To) run in the family: To happen/ occur often in the family (through generations). “Frank is always so angry. Yeah, his bad temper runs in the family.”
Safe and sound: Safe. Unharmed. “It was a rough trip but we got there safe and sound.”
(To) save money for a rainy day: To reserve something for some future need. “I’ve saved a little money for a rainy day.”
(To) save the day: To produce good results when bad results are expected. “Colin saved the day by remembering to bring the map.”
(A) score to settle: To get even. To pay someone back for something negative that they did. “Don’t stop me. I have a score to settle with him.”
(To) scratch the surface: To begin finding out about something.
Second nature (to someone): Easy and natural. “Scoring goals is second nature to him.”
(To) see eye to eye on something: To have a similar opinion on something. “Despite their differences, the two candidates in fact see eye to eye on most issues.”
(To) see fit: To deem, believe to be appropriate. “You can do that any way you see fit.”
(To) see the writing on the wall: To see that something is going to happen.
(To) serve someone right: To serve as appropriate punishment for someone. “They put him in jail for 5 years? Serves him right!”
(To) set foot somewhere: To go or enter somewhere. “If I were you I wouldn’t set foot in that town.”
(To) set one’s sights on something: To select something as one’s goal.
(A) shot in the arm: A boost. “The good financial news was a real shot in the arm for Steve’s company.”
(To) sit on one’s hands: To do nothing.
(To) sit tight: To wait (patiently). “Sit tight, your mother will be here soon.”
Skeleton(s) in the closet: A shocking/ disturbing secret.
(To) sleep on something: To think about something overnight. “I’m not sure if I want to buy this car. I think I should sleep on it.”
(To) stand up for something: To fight for, support. “The elected official promised to stand up for the poor.”
(To) stir up trouble: To cause trouble. “Sometimes I think she gets great pleasure from stirring up trouble.”
Sucker: A gullible person or someone who is easily impressed by something ( eg. “a sucker for gadgets” = someone who is easily impressed by gadgets)
Suit yourself: Have it your way; As you wish; “I wouldn’t walk around that neighborhood at night, but if you really want to, suit yourself.”
(To) swallow something hook, line, and sinker: To believe something (usually a lie) completely. “Margaret told him a flat-out ( = complete and utter) lie and he swallowed it hook line and sinker.”
(To) take it: To endure trouble, criticism, or abuse. “Say whatever you want about me, I can take it.”
Take it easy! Relax! (Also used in “to take it easy” = to relax, to spend a day relaxing, etc.)
Take it or leave it: To accept it the way it is or to forget it. “That’s my final offer. Take it or leave it.”
(To) take it’s toll: To cause damage (or loss). “The long hours he puts in at work have begun to take their toll on his health.”
(To) take something/ someone for granted: To accept something/ someone (without gratitude) as a matter of course. “We tend to take a lot of things for granted.”
(To) take something lying down: To endure something unpleasant without fighting back. “I’m not going to take this type of treatment lying down!”
(To) take something with a grain of salt: Not to take something that someone says too seriously.
(To) take someone under one’s wing: To protect (and teach) someone. “Arthur took the new employee under his wing and taught him everything he knew.”
(To) take the rap (for something): To accept responsibility, admit that one is guilty of something. “I thought that Bill was responsible, but his friend Tom took the rap for the mixup.”
(To) think straight: To think clearly. “I was so tired that I couldn’t think straight.”
(To) throw someone for a loop: To confuse or shock someone. “His last comment really threw me for a loop… I had no idea what he meant!”
(To) tie the knot: To get married.
(To) tighten one’s belt To spend less money. “After Becky lost her job, we really had to tighten our belts for a while.”
To save his/her life: At all/ completely. “She can’t sing to save her life.”
Told you so!: Basically when someone says “told you so!”, it’s like saying “See – I was right!”.
Tongue in cheek: Joking. “Quentin made a tongue-in-cheek remark to his dad.”
(To) touch on (something): To mention/talk about. “During the meeting, we touched on the plans to rebuild the school.”
True to one’s word: Keeping one’s promise. “I wasn’t sure he would pay me, but he turned out to be true to his word.”
(To) try your luck: To attempt something. To try to see if you can do/win something. “I’m going to try my luck at the slot machines.”
(To) try someone’s patience: To do something annoying that may cause someone to lose patience.
(To) turn a blind eye to something: To ignore something and pretend you did not see it. “The usher turned a blind eye to the boy who snuck into the theater.”
(To) turn one’s back on (something/someone): To forget or ignore (something/someone) “You should never turn your back on your friends.”
(To) two-time someone: To be in a relationship and to have another boyfriend/girlfriend without telling your first boyfriend/girlfriend. “I dumped him when I found out he was two-timing me with Mary.”
Under construction: Being built or repaired. “This road has been under construction for six months.”
Under fire: Being attacked. “The soldiers came under fire when they approached the city.”
Under the table: Illegally. “Many illegal immigrants try to find work under the table.”
Under the weather: Sick. Ill. “I’m feeling a bit under the weather today.”
Up and about: Recovered from an illness. “Hey it’s nice to see you up and about. You must feel a lot better.”
Up for grabs Available for anyone to try to get. “The Swedish telecom market is still up for grabs.”
Up in the air: Uncertain. “His future at this company is up in the air.”
Uptight: Conservative, nervous, nit-picky. “Stop being so uptight, relax a bit!”
Up to it: Capable of, fit for. “Do you feel up to playing a game of tennis?”
Up to one’s neck in something: Very much involved in something. To have a lot of something. “I can’t go out tonight. I’m up to my neck in work.”
Up to par: Meeting normal standards.
(To) use every trick in the book: To use every method possible.
(To) vanish into thin air: To disappear without leaving a trace.
Variety is the spice of life: Proverb meaning life is made more interesting by doing new or different things.
Very last: The last. “We were able to buy the very last tickets to the concert.”
Very well: OK. Agreed.
Vicious circle: Sequence of cause and effect with bad results. He had fallen into a vicious circle of drinking too much and then losing his job and then drinking even more.
Wait-and-see attitude: A skeptical attitude. An attitude where someone will just wait and see what happens.
(To) wait tables: To work as a waiter/ waitress in a restaurant.
(To) wait on someone hand and foot: Do anything someone asks you; serve someone very well. I don’t mind making you coffee, but don’t expect me to wait on you hand and foot!
(To) wash one’s hands of someone/something: To end one’s association with someone or something. I washed my hands of Tom. I wanted nothing more to do with him.
Washed-up: No longer important/ in good form. Why do you hang out with that washed-up actor?
(To) waste one’s breath: To talk in vain; to waste one’s time talking.
Way to go! Good job! Congratulations! (*sometimes used sarcastically*)
Wear and tear: Damage as a result of normal use. They put a lot of wear and tear on their truck during their long road trip.
(To) wear out one’s welcome: To stay too long (at an event, at someone’s house, etc.) “Let’s only stay with them for 2 days – I don’t want us to wear out our welcome.”
Well-off: Wealthy. “Her parents are well-off.”
Wet blanket: A person who discourages others from having fun.
What makes someone tick: What motivates someone. “He’s such a mysterious guy. I don’t quite know what makes him tick.”
What’s with (someone)?: What’s wrong with (someone)? “What’s with you? You’ve been acting strange all day!”
(A) whole lot: A lot, too many. “There aren’t a whole lot of good restaurants in this neighborhood = There aren’t too many good restaurants in this neighborhood”
(To be) wide awake: To be completely awake. “Were you sleeping? No, I was wide awake.”
(A) wild goose chase: A futile/hopeless pursuit. “We thought he gave us a good lead, but it ended up being a wild goose chase.”
(At one’s) wits’ end: If you’re “at your wits’ end” it means that you’ve tried everything to fix, solve a problem or to come up with a solution, and you’re almost going crazy from being unable to do this.
With no strings attached: Unconditionally.
(To) work out for the best. To work out in the best possible way. “It seems bad now, but things will work out for the best.”
X marks the spot: This is the exact spot.
Year-round: Operating all year. “This facility is open year-round.”
Yes-man: A person who tries to be liked by agreeing with everything said, especially by a boss.
You bet! Yes! Sure! I agree! No problem!
You can say that again: That’s true (stress on “that”). “It sure is hot today! You can say that again! Got any drinks?”
You can’t teach an old dog new tricks: A proverb meaning that old people can’t learn anything new.
You don’t say: Used to show surprise at something that is being said. “You don’t say! He was really struck by lightning?”
Your guess is as good as mine: I don’t know any better/ more than you know.
(To) zero in on something: To aim or focus directly on something. “I would like to zero in on another important issue.”
(2) 一般的には冠詞を付けず、特定する事由があれば、定冠詞 the を付ける（詳しくは、英文法インデックス 定冠詞 を参照）
(3) one、two … と数えることができず、質問するときには、 How many … ? ではなく、 How much … ? の形をとる
２. 不可算名詞には little、less、least と much を使います。可算名詞に付ける few、fewer、fewest やmany は使いません。
× He had few choice but to make a deal.→ ○ He had little choice but to make a deal.
× There is not many time left.→ ○ There is not much time left.
３. ビジネスの場面などで使われる、主な不可算名詞
They had difficulty in findinganaccommodationin Sapporo near the station.
A fair amount of money goes onanadvertisingand sales promotion.
I wantanadviceon how to manage the proposed redevelopment project.
Glen Rowell was asked foran adviceafter one of the lectures at Hokudai.
The explosion at the plant causedadamageestimated at 770 million yen.
He’s trying to findanemployment in Okinawa.
We spend 250 million yen a year onanequipment.
Please send meaninformationabout vacations in Italy.
You’d better take outaninsuranceagainst fire and earthquakes.
Most farm workers are assisted byamachinery in Japan.
The call box was filled with signs andamerchandise.
Ihave been makingamoneymonth after month.
ANews, especially good news, travels fast.
The wine bottle was labeled “AProduceof France”.
The teacher made aprogressin education.
We’re carrying outaresearchto find a medicine to cure diabetes.
I tend to play forasafety.
There wasascopefor improvement in our work.
He is withoutatransportbecause the company car is being repaired.
It wasavery hard work completing the project in two weeks.
a an 違い
英語の a と an は、どちらも「1つの〜」という意味の不定冠詞です。 違いは 意味ではなく、発音のしやすさだけです。
子音で始まる音 → a
母音で始まる音（a, e, i, o, u の音） → an ポイントは “文字” ではなく “音” です。
例：音で判断するパターン
a を使う（子音の音で始まる）
a cat
a book
a university（最初の音が /juː/「ユ」＝子音）
an を使う（母音の音で始まる）
an apple
an egg
an idea
an hour（h を発音しない → 最初の音が /aʊ/）
university /juː/（ユ） a university umbrella /ʌ/（ア） an umbrella
hour /aʊ/（アウ）an hour hotel /h/（発音する） a hotel（※英式では an hotel も古い形で存在）
不可算名詞 （Uncountable Nouns / Non-count Nouns）
Uncountable nouns (non-count nouns) are substances, concepts, etc., that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot “count” them. For example, we cannot count “milk”. We can count “bottles of milk” or “liters of milk” / “litres of milk”, but we cannot count “milk” itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:
music, art, love, happiness
advice, information, news
furniture, luggage
rice, sugar, butter, water
electricity, gas, power
money, currency
We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:
This news is very important.
Your luggage looks heavy.
We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say “an information” or “a music”. But we can say a something of:
a piece of news
a bottle of water
a grain of rice
We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:
I’ve got some money.
Have you got any rice?
We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:
過去形は、もう済んでしまった話として、現在との連続性が断たれている事柄を取り上げるときに使う時制です。 例えば、I worked there for 15 years. と言われたとすれば、もうそこでは働いていないことがわかります。これに対して、現在完了形を使って I have worked there for 15 years. というのであれば、 現在との連続性がある時制なので、今もそこで働いていることになります。 同様に、I lost his notes of the meeting. と I have lost his notes of the meeting. を比べた場合では、 後者ではノートをいまだに発見していないことがわかるのに対し、前者ではともかく「なくした」という済んだ話がわかるだけで、その後、発見したかもしれませんし、いまだに発見していないかもしれないということになります。
’tisn’t (archaic) it is not As escaped slave John Little reportedly said “’Tisn’t he who has stood and looked on that can tell you what slavery is — ’tis he who has endured.”
’twasn’t it was not “’Twasn’t always thus.”
‘twouldn’t (non standard) it would not “’twouldn’t be the first time I was wrong tho.” (Running Dogs, 2017).
bo’s’n (plural bo’s’ns) boatswain “Thankee, sir,” continued the bo’s’n’s mate, oblivious to the sarcasm. (Brady, Cyrus Townsend, 1902, Woven With the Ship: A Novel of 1865).
she’d’ve (colloquial) she would have “She’d’ve clobbered him, as she did before.” (Joe Biden, 2017).
mustn’t’ve must not have “Hm okay so it mustn’t’ve have anything to do with the phone call then? Did your husband lodge an amendment on July 1st or shortly after?” (JakeP2908, 20 July 2021).
wouldn’t’ve would not have “If I hadn’t been sitting right next to her, I wouldn’t’ve minded calling her up on my cellphone to talk to her.” Fictionaut: Hip-Hop Lit: New and Noteworthy
ya’ll’ll ya (you) all will “I know what I seen’t, and soon ya’ll’ll see.” Michael Gene Sullivan: Experts Insist Recent Sightings of Mythical “Democratic Spine” Just Another Hoax
A List of 52 Double Contractions in English
This list below includes unusual combinations specific to certain areas around the world. It is not really a study list but just a list of possible combinations. If you know of any other double contractions please post a message below so they can be added to the list.
Lina wanted to change her life. She decided to leave the busy city and live in a quiet forest. Her friends didn’t agree at first, but they soon accepted her choice.
At first, life in the forest was not easy. She had to learn new things and acquire new skills. She started to gather food, hunt for small animals, build a small house and managed everything by herself. It was hard but she didn’t like to fail.
Every day, she tried to improve her skills and she worked on her home. She added flowers, covered the roof with strong leaves and held the walls together with wood and vines. Slowly, her house began to fit her needs.
Lina liked to observe the animals. She saw birds fly, rabbits run and foxes hunt. One day, she saw a bear. She was afraid but she didn’t run away. Instead, she stayed calm. The bear looked at her, then disappeared into the trees.
Over time, Lina began to care deeply about nature and wanted to develop a strong connection to it. She did not want to hurt or destroy anything. Lina avoided making loud noises and always cleaned up after herself.
She started to create art with things she found in the forest. She drew pictures and used rocks and leaves and expressed her feelings through her art. People from a nearby village came to see her work. They really liked it. They contacted her often and even invited her to their village.
Lina began to communicate with the villagers more and more. She introduced herself, described her life and explained her ideas. The villagers were excited. They encouraged her to teach them what she knew.
Lina helped them plant trees, build homes and protect the land. Together, they established a small school in the forest. The school included art, farming and forest safety. Every morning, the children entered the school with big smiles, ready to learn.
Lina also invented small tools to help with farming. These tools were to help the villagers increase the amount of food they had and save time. Her ideas began to influence others in nearby towns.
One day, Lina met a kind man from a village close by. The two spent time together and slowly fell in love. They later married and built a bigger home. They raised animals and fed anyone who came to visit.
Lina’s story here shows that one person can make a big difference. She achieved her dream and helped others. Her life in the forest was full of peace, meaning and joy.
Nutritionally, raw eggplant is low in fat, protein, dietary fiber, and carbohydrates. It provides a low amount of essential nutrients. It contains roughly 11% of the daily recommended value of magnesium, depending on type of eggplant and season.
One large artichoke contains only 25 calories, no fat, 170 milligrams of potassium, and is a good source of vitamin C, folate, magnesium and dietary fiber. The trick is to keep dressings, sauces and dips low in fat, too.
High in vitamin K and folate (vitamin B9), asparagus is extremely well balanced, even among nutrient-rich vegetables. “Asparagus is high in anti-inflammatory nutrients,” said San Diego-based nutritionist Laura Flores. It also “provides a wide variety of antioxidant nutrients, including vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and the minerals zinc, manganese and selenium.”
Mung bean sprouts are hardy and often used in Asian cuisines. They contain many healthy antioxidants, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, caffeic acid, and cinnamic acid.
Tricky English Words | Sapporo Eikaiwa AGREATDREAM
Word List of Tricky English Words
Tricky English words like pulveratricious, hegemony and floccinaucinihilipilification…
Sonder noun A realization that every random person you ever come across is living a life as complex, vivid and messy as your own. Like water droplets in the Great Ocean, we’re interconnected. Both droplet and ocean. Both you and me.
Captious is a synonym of hypercritical.
Noisome is a synonym of harmful.
Funambulist is the best definition of tightrope walker.
Impecunious is a synonym of penniless.
Profligate is a synonym of squandering.
Nonplus is a synonym of discomfit.
Chivy is a synonym of pester.
Redoubtable is a synonym of formidable.
Trenchant is a synonym of keen.
Turpitude is a synonym of depravity.
Bibulous is a synonym of absorbent. Bibulous also means fond of alcoholic beverages.
Insouciance is a synonym of nonchalance.
temerity te·me·ri·ty noun
Excessive confidence or boldness; audacity.
“No one had the temerity to question his decisions.”
ambivalent am·bi·va·lent adjective
Caring but having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
“New psychology research indicates that ambivalent people make less biased judgments.”
cathartic ca·thar·tic adjective
Psychological/Stress relief through using or talking about strong emotions.
“It was a cathartic experience and that’s why it took so long.” Mariah Carey, The Daily Show, 2020
pellicle pel·li·cle noun
The hard part of meat that gets cut off when dry aging meat; a thin skin; cuticle; membrane; film
fiduciary fi·du·cia·ry adjective
Involving trust, for example, in the relationship of a trustee and beneficiary.
“The supreme court has reasoned that an individual must refrain from trading securities on the basis on non public information because of their fiduciary relationship with shareholders as a corporate insider.” LegalEagle, April 1, 2020. How to Illegally Profit From a Pandemic: Insider Trading! 3:02
Source: https://youtu.be/a45ujRTJyJ8?t=181
“Participants, mindful of our Court of Appeals’ direction and Rule 11, [have successfully] amended their complaint and plead charts, comparative studies and specific facts necessary to proceed into discovery,” the new ruling states. “We deny the fiduciaries’ motion to dismiss.”
moratorium mo·ra·to·ri·um noun
A temporary prohibition of an activity.
“State Legislators Call For a Moratorium on Liquor Licenses in Light of COVID-19″ Tanay Warerkar, April 3, 2020 “A group of New York legislators are calling for moratorium on new liquor licenses”
Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline.
“I didn’t leave any draft angles on my buck so it’s being a little recalcitrant coming out of the plastic.” Adam Savage, May 23, 2019 “a room full of recalcitrant people”
shill
An accomplice of a confidence swindler or trickster who pretends to be a genuine customer enticing or encouraging others.
“Being a sellout and a shill is not on my agenda.” TechDeals
assuage as·suage
To satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example)
“When that is completed, address each item designed to assuage fear and ask, “What fear am I trying to assuage, and how?” Barbara Ann Brennan, 2011, Light Emerging: The Journey of Personal Healing – Page 174
egalitarian e·ga·li·ta·ri·an
ɪˌɡalɪˈtɛːrɪən
adjective
Believing in or based on the principle that everyone is equal and deserves equal rights and opportunities.
“a fairer, more egalitarian society”
prevaricate pre·va·ri·cate
prɪˈvarɪkeɪt
verb
Speak or act in an evasive way
“He seemed to prevaricate when journalists asked pointed questions.”
“They prevaricate around the bush using this language.”
egregious e·gre·gious
ɪˈɡriːdʒəs
Outstandingly bad; shocking; (archaic) remarkably good
“Sometimes a really bad speller will have made so many errors, or such egregious errors, that the reader has a problem reading what was written.”
ratify ra·ti·fy
verb
Sign or give formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid
Both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year.
“They could ratify the Rome Statute that governs the ICC and invite the ICC to investigate war crimes on its territory.”
proclivity / proclivities pro·cli·vi·ties
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition towards a particular thing
“They have a proclivity for hard work.”
“In a way that you’d have to back in history and find when groups of people neither defined by their economic status or ethnic proclivities have been targeted.”
“Their sexual proclivities are none of your business.”
mensch
A person of integrity and honor.
“I’m glad your landlord is a mensch.”
“His proposal is the work of a mensch and, no doubt, an act of love.” “Zionist BDS” is Not the Way to Save Israel Noah Efron March 21, 2012
boondoggle boon·dog·gle
Work or activity that is wasteful or pointless but gives the appearance of having value
“Should we call this a boondoggle?”
concretion con·cre·tion
A rounded mass of mineral matter occurring in sandstone, clay, etc…
con·cre·tion
“They also think the concretions (spherical bumps distributed across rock face) were formed in the presence of water.”
austerity aus·ter·i·ty
Sternness or severity of manner or attitude
Plural: austerities
“The Greek public cannot endure much more austerity and the German public cannot endure any more bailouts.”
hegemony he·gem·o·ny
Leadership or dominance, esp. by one country or social group over others.
Plural: hegemonies
“The cultural hegemony of English in the world vs. simple linguistic diversity…”
“Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871.”
refectory re·fec·to·ry
A room used for communal meals, esp. in an educational or religious institution.
“Students use their new card to purchase drinks at the Refectory”
supercavitating su·per·cav·i·ta·tion
The use of cavitation effects to create a large bubble of gas inside a liquid, allowing an object to travel at great speed through the liquid by being wholly enveloped by the bubble.
It’s powered by high-performance jet engines and has “supercavitating technology,” which refers to the use of air bubbles to reduce hull friction to enable faster, more efficient cruising.
plebeian ple·be·ian
The plebeians were the lower class. Nicknamed the plebs, plebeians included everyone in ancient Rome (except for the nobility, the patricians) from well-to-do tradesmen all the way down to the very poor.
“My plebeian concern is that I hate the grip on the right hand side of the camera and I hate that there is no built-in flash.”
“As a personal finance columnist for Vogue magazine in the early 1970s, I couldn’t write about plebeian things like buying your first home.” (Scott Burns, December 10th, 2016)
subterfuge sub·ter·fuge
Deceit used in order to achieve one’s goal
“A resultant gap forms in the beam, which leaves a small window for subterfuge.”
convoluted con·vo·lut·ed
Extremely complex and difficult to follow
“X10 EXR is a convoluted mess.”
複雑な
proponent pro・po・nent
A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or project
擁護者、支持者、提唱者、賛同者、唱道者、ちょうちん持ち ・The children’s rights advocate says the labor pact will not stop illegal child labor. : その子どもの人権擁護団体は、その労働協定では子どもの不法労働を阻止できないだろうと言っている。
仲裁者、調停者
弁護士
erinaceous
Like a hedgehog
ハリネズミの
lamprophony
Loudness and clarity of voice
声が大きくてよく響くこと、声の明瞭性
明瞭な声、通りのよい声、響きのよい声
depone
To testify under oath
宣誓の上証言する
finnimbrun
A trinket or knick-knack
floccinaucinihilipilification
Estimation that something is valueless. Proper pronunciation based on Latin roots: flockə-nowsə-nəkələ-pələ-fək-ation.
inaniloquent
Pertaining to idle talk
limerance
An attempt at a scientific study into the nature of romantic love.
mesonoxian
Pertaining to midnight
mungo
A dumpster diver – one who extracts valuable things from trash
nihilarian
A person who deals with things lacking importance (pronounce the ‘h’ like a ‘k’).
nudiustertian
The day before yesterday
phenakism
Deception or trickery
pronk
A weak or foolish person
pulveratricious
Covered with dust
rastaquouere
A social climber
scopperloit
Rude or rough play
selcouth
Unfamiliar, rare, strange, marvelous, wonderful. For example: The List Universe is such a selcouth website!
tyrotoxism
To be poisoned by cheese
widdiful
Someone who deserves to be hanged
This word originated from the northern English and Scottish word widdy or widdie, local forms of the standard English withy. Meaning a flexible branch from a tree such as willow used to make baskets, and to tie or fasten things together.
zabernism
Zabernism is a noun meaning to abuse/misuse military power or authority. It was a form of bullying (from the German name for Saverne, a town in Alsace). It originated from an incident in 1912 involving a soldier who killed a cobbler for smiling at him.
Word List of Tricky English Words
Tricky English words like pulveratricious, hegemony and floccinaucinihilipilification…
recalcitrant re·cal·ci·trant adjective
Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline.
“It’s being a little recalcitrant coming out of the plastic as I don’t have any draft angles.” “a room full of recalcitrant people”
shill
An accomplice of a confidence swindler or trickster who pretends to be a genuine customer enticing or encouraging others.
“Being a sellout and a shill is not on my agenda.” TechDeals
assuage as·suage
To satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example)
egalitarian e·ga·li·ta·ri·an
ɪˌɡalɪˈtɛːrɪən
adjective
Believing in or based on the principle that everyone is equal and deserves equal rights and opportunities.
“a fairer, more egalitarian society”
prevaricate pre·va·ri·cate
prɪˈvarɪkeɪt
verb
Speak or act in an evasive way
“He seemed to prevaricate when journalists asked pointed questions.”
“They prevaricate around the bush using this language.”
egregious e·gre·gious
ɪˈɡriːdʒəs
Outstandingly bad; shocking; (archaic) remarkably good
“Sometimes a really bad speller will have made so many errors, or such egregious errors, that the reader has a problem reading what was written.”
ratify ra·ti·fy
verb
Sign or give formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid
Both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year.
“They could ratify the Rome Statute that governs the ICC and invite the ICC to investigate war crimes on its territory.”
proclivity / proclivities pro·cli·vi·ties
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition towards a particular thing
“They have a proclivity for hard work.”
“In a way that you’d have to back in history and find when groups of people neither defined by their economic status or ethnic proclivities have been targeted.”
“Their sexual proclivities are none of your business.”
mensch
A person of integrity and honor.
“I’m glad your landlord is a mensch.”
“His proposal is the work of a mensch and, no doubt, an act of love.” “Zionist BDS” is Not the Way to Save Israel Noah Efron March 21, 2012
boondoggle boon·dog·gle
Work or activity that is wasteful or pointless but gives the appearance of having value
“Should we call this a boondoggle?”
concretion con·cre·tion
A rounded mass of mineral matter occurring in sandstone, clay, etc…
con·cre·tion
“They also think the concretions (spherical bumps distributed across rock face) were formed in the presence of water.”
austerity aus·ter·i·ty
Sternness or severity of manner or attitude
Plural: austerities
“The Greek public cannot endure much more austerity and the German public cannot endure any more bailouts.”
hegemony he·gem·o·ny
Leadership or dominance, esp. by one country or social group over others.
Plural: hegemonies
“The cultural hegemony of English in the world vs. simple linguistic diversity…”
“Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871.”
refectory re·fec·to·ry
A room used for communal meals, esp. in an educational or religious institution.
“Students use their new card to purchase drinks at the Refectory“
supercavitating su·per·cav·i·ta·tion
The use of cavitation effects to create a large bubble of gas inside a liquid, allowing an object to travel at great speed through the liquid by being wholly enveloped by the bubble.
It’s powered by high-performance jet engines and has “supercavitating technology,” which refers to the use of air bubbles to reduce hull friction to enable faster, more efficient cruising.
plebeian ple·be·ian
The plebeians were the lower class. Nicknamed “plebs”, the plebeians included everyone in ancient Rome (except for the nobility, the patricians) from well-to-do tradesmen all the way down to the very poor.
“My plebeian concern is that I hate the grip on the right hand side of the camera and I hate that there is no built-in flash.”
“As a personal finance columnist for Vogue magazine in the early 1970s, I couldn’t write about plebeian things like buying your first home.” (Scott Burns, December 10th, 2016)
subterfuge sub·ter·fuge
Deceit used in order to achieve one’s goal
“A resultant gap forms in the beam, which leaves a small window for subterfuge.”
convoluted con·vo·lut·ed
Extremely complex and difficult to follow
“X10 EXR is a convoluted mess.”
複雑な
proponent pro・po・nent
A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or project
擁護者、支持者、提唱者、賛同者、唱道者、ちょうちん持ち ・The children’s rights advocate says the labor pact will not stop illegal child labor. : その子どもの人権擁護団体は、その労働協定では子どもの不法労働を阻止できないだろうと言っている。
仲裁者、調停者
弁護士
erinaceous
Like a hedgehog
ハリネズミの
lamprophony
Loudness and clarity of voice
声が大きくてよく響くこと、声の明瞭性
明瞭な声、通りのよい声、響きのよい声
depone
To testify under oath
宣誓の上証言する
finnimbrun
A trinket or knick-knack
floccinaucinihilipilification
Estimation that something is valueless. Proper pronunciation based on Latin roots: flockə-nowsə-nəkələ-pələ-fək-ation.
inaniloquent
Pertaining to idle talk
limerance
An attempt at a scientific study into the nature of romantic love.
mesonoxian
Pertaining to midnight
mungo
A dumpster diver – one who extracts valuable things from trash
nihilarian
A person who deals with things lacking importance (pronounce the ‘h’ like a ‘k’).
nudiustertian
The day before yesterday
phenakism
Deception or trickery
pronk
A weak or foolish person
pulveratricious
Covered with dust
rastaquouere
A social climber
scopperloit
Rude or rough play
selcouth
Unfamiliar, rare, strange, marvelous, wonderful. For example: The List Universe is such a selcouth website!
tyrotoxism
To be poisoned by cheese
widdiful
Someone who deserves to be hanged
This word originated from the northern English and Scottish word widdy or widdie, local forms of the standard English withy. Meaning a flexible branch from a tree such as willow used to make baskets, and to tie or fasten things together.
zabernism
Zabernism is a noun meaning to abuse/misuse military power or authority. It was a form of bullying (from the German name for Saverne, a town in Alsace). It originated from an incident in 1912 involving a soldier who killed a cobbler for smiling at him.
「私は２年前から英語を勉強しています。」を英語で言うとどうなるでしょうか。中３レベルの英文ですが、*“I have studied English since two years ago.” と、生徒に教えてしまってないでしょうか。
この“since two years ago” のように、“since” と “ago” が共存するのは「正用法」ではありません。多くの辞書には「“since ~ ago” は普通使われない、避けるべき」と書かれてあります。こうした説明に出くわしたことがなかったら、辞書の語法欄を読む習慣をつけることをお勧めします。
理由は“since” が「過去から現在までの動作」を、“ago” は「過去の一時点の動作（現在とは基本的に関係ない）」ことを表しているからです。結局「正用法」としては、“I have studied English for two years.” のように書くことになります。
「正用法」と強調しているのは、「“I have studied English since two years ago.” と言うこともある」からです。しかし、「通じればイイ」ということで安易にこの表現を教えたり使ったりするのはどうかなと思います。こうした文法や語法に関してしっかりした知識を持っておくことが大事だと思います。 WRITER’S GUIDE TO ENGLISH COMPOSITION AND USAGE から解説を引用しておきます。
since ～/ ～ ago
SINCE + a point in time (2025, 1990, April, Monday…)
A length of time + AGO (1 year, 20 years, a week, 2 days, 2 months…)
FOR + a length of time (1 hour, 2 hours, a week, 1 week, 2 weeks…)
✅ SINCE + a point in time (1990, April, Monday…)
日本語訳: SINCE（～から）＋ 特定の時点 （1990年、4月、月曜日…）
説明: 「since」は始まりの時点を表し、その時から今まで続いていることを示します。
例文:
I have lived in Japan since 2020. 2020年から日本に住んでいます。
She has worked here since April. 4月からここで働いています。
✅ A length of time + AGO (20 years, a week, 2 months…)
「since five years ago」では「since」と「ago」の時間の考え方がぶつかるので不自然になります。
✅ 覚え方:
since → 具体的な始まりの時点（since 2020 / since May / since yesterday）
for → 期間の長さ（for five years / for two days）
ago → 過去の一点（five years ago / two days ago）
💬 例文:
I came to Japan five years ago. 5年前に来た。
I have been in Japan for five years. 5年間ずっといる。
I have been in Japan since 2020. 2020年からずっといる。
✖I have been in Japan since five years ago.
The following sentences are examples of correct usage:
◯I have been in Japan for five years.
◯We have been in Japan since 1978.
◯They came to Japan five years ago.
Note A and B:
B. ◯ I haven’t bought any sincea week ago.
つまり、“I have been in Japan.” のように「継続」を表す場合は、”since ~ago” を使うのは避ける方がよく、”I haven’t bought any.” のように、ある動作が現在まで継続していないような場合は、“since ~ago” が acceptable であるということです。
SINCEの例文
～してからあとに、～して以来、～のときから（ずっと）、～に続いて
I’ve known her sinceI was eight.
SinceI was eight, I’ve known her.
私は私が8歳の時から彼女を知っている。
Since 1965, Sumo tournaments have been held in various countries.
相撲場所は1965年以来、さまざまな国で行われてきました。
Since 1961, Japan has had a universal public pension insurance system extending to all citizens.
日本では1961年以降、公的年金国民皆保険制度が確立している。
In the Golden State, prices at the pump have decreased an average of 27 cents for a gallon of regular gas since a month ago, dropping to about $3.43, according to the latest statistics from AAA.
AGOの例文
〇 I went to Sapporo station 1 day ago. Grammatically Correct 私は1日前に札幌駅に行きました。 Watashi wa ichinichi mae ni Sapporo eki ni ikimashita. ◎ I went to Sapporo station yesterday. More Natural 私は昨日札幌駅に行きました。 Watashi wa kinō Sapporo eki ni ikimashita.
I went to Sapporo station 2 days ago. 私は2日前に札幌駅に行きました。 Watashi wa futsuka mae ni Sapporo eki ni ikimashita.
Did you go there a week ago? （あなたは）1週間前にそこに行きましたか? (Anata wa) isshūkan mae ni soko ni ikimashita ka?
Did you go there 1 week ago? （あなたは）1週間前にそこに行きましたか? (Anata wa) isshūkan mae ni soko ni ikimashita ka?
Did you go there 2 weeks ago? あなたは2週間前にそこに行きましたか? Anata wa ni-shūkan mae ni soko ni ikimashita ka?
A worker at the factory, who declined to be named, said the factory started operating two years ago. 匿名を希望した工場の作業員は、その工場が2年前に操業を開始したと述べた。 Tokumei (w)o kibō shita kōjō no sagyōin wa, sono kōjō ga ni-nen mae ni sōgyō (w)o kaishi shita to nobeta. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/03/21/mpsp-palette-factory-at-dumpsite-began-operations-before-licence-approved/#EerbIgoEKqy5t1Tv.99
文法クイズ（GRAMMAR QUIZ）
※ 線をクリックすると、答えが見える。
下線部にあてはまる「since」または「ago」のどちらでしょうか？
例: I have been making this _______ last month.
〇 I have been making this since last month. X I have been making this ago last month.
Practice Quiz
質問（QUESTIONS）
Look at the English below and decide whether to use since or ago. Click on the line to show or hide the answer.
Look at the English below and decide whether to use since or ago. Click on the line to show or hide the answer.
※ 線をクリックすると、答えが見える。
1) I’ve been here with my wife _______ May last year.
2) Three weeks _______ I saw the best bargain ever.
3) _______ 1999 all baggage must be checked.
4) What have you been doing _______ your holiday started?
5) A: What’s wrong with that computer?
B: I don’t know. It stopped working 2 days _______. Just after you got transferred to the Odori office.
6) I don’t remember coming home last night.
I must have been drinking _______ 11am.
7) The boss needed to talk to you 5 minutes _______.
8) My mother wanted to see you 1 hour _______.
問題解答: 英文＋日本語訳＋日本語の文法説明 （ANSWERS + EXPLAINATION）
1) I’ve been here with my wife since May last year. 去年の5月から妻と一緒にここにいます。 説明： 「since」は「～からずっと」という意味で、過去のある時点から現在までの継続を表します。 この文では「去年の5月」から今までずっと一緒にいることを伝えています。
2) Three weeks ago I saw the best bargain ever. 3週間前にこれまでで一番お得な買い物を見つけました。 説明: 「ago」は「～前」を意味し、今を基準にして過去のある時点を示します。 この文では「今から3週間前」にその出来事があったことを伝えています。
3) Since 1999 all baggage must be checked. 1999年以降、すべての荷物は検査を受けなければならなくなりました。 説明: 「since 1999」は「1999年からずっと」という意味です。 法律や規則などが1999年から現在まで継続していることを表しています。
4) What have you been doing since your holiday started? 休みが始まってから何をしていましたか。 説明: 「have been doing」は「ずっと～している」という継続を表します。 「since your holiday started」で「休みが始まってから今まで」を示しています。
5) A: What’s wrong with that computer? A: そのパソコン、どうしたの？ B: I don’t know. It stopped working 2 days ago. Just after you got transferred to the Odori office. B: わかりません。2日前に動かなくなりました。ちょうどあなたが大通オフィスに異動した直後です。 説明: 「ago」で「2日前に」と過去の時点を示しています。「got transferred」は「異動した」という意味で、「Just after ～」は「～のすぐ後で」を表します。
6) I don’t remember coming home last night. 昨夜家に帰ったことを覚えていません。 I must have been drinking since 11am. 午前11時からずっとお酒を飲んでいたに違いありません。 説明: 「must have been ～ing」は過去の推量で「～していたに違いない」という意味です。「since 11am」で「午前11時からずっと」を表しています。
7) The boss needed to talk to you 5 minutes ago. 上司が5分前にあなたと話したがっていました。 説明: 「ago」で「5分前」を示します。 「needed to talk」は「話す必要があった」または「話したがっていた」と訳せます。
8) My mother wanted to see you 1 hour ago. 母が1時間前にあなたに会いたがっていました。 説明: 「wanted to ～」は「～したがっていた」という意味です。 「1 hour ago」で「1時間前に」を表し、過去の出来事を示します。
Just The Answers
1) I’ve been here with my wife since May last year.
2) Three weeks ago I saw the best bargain ever.
3) Since 1999 all baggage must be checked.
4) What have you been doing since your holiday started?
5) A: What’s wrong with that computer? B: I don’t know. It stopped working 2 days ago. Just after you got transferred to the Odori office.
6) I don’t remember coming home last night. I must have been drinking since 11am.
7) The boss needed to talk to you 5 minutes ago.
8) My mother wanted to see you 1 hour ago.
グーグルの単語ランキング
1. ago 2. since
Common Mistakes:
❌ “I have studied English since 2 years” → ✅ “for 2 years”
Try and Verb Try and Study / Try to Verb (Try to Study)
Try and Verbalso try to Verbare almost identical in meaning. I’ll try and come tomorrow morning. However, in formal writing try to might be preferred at times: I will try to come tomorrow morning.
Try to Verb / Try Verb-ing
Example A He tried to climb Mt. Yotei. This means “He made effort to climb Mt. Yotei, but he couldn’t climb the mountain.” 彼は羊蹄山に登ろうとした。 この文は「登ろうと努力したが、結局登ることはできなかった」という意味です。
Example B He tried climbing Mt. Yotei. This might mean “He climbed part of Mt. Yotei to see if he could handle the physical stress and the high altitude.” Or maybe he started planning to go but when he went to the front door of his house he saw it was raining and he gave up.
It’s important to finish. Finishing is important.
She was shocked to find out. Finding out was shocking.
「to ＋ 動詞」 と 「動詞 ＋ ing」 の違い
① to ＋ 動詞 「これからすること」 「目的」 「まだ終わっていない行動」
例 It’s important to finish. 終えることが大切です。 → これから終える必要がある行動
She was shocked to find out. 彼女は知った時にショックを受けました。 → 知った瞬間の出来事に注目
② 動詞 ＋ ing 「行動そのもの」 「経験・事実」 「すでに起きたことや一般的なこと」
例 Finishing is important. 終えること自体が大切です。
Finding out was shocking. 知ったという事実が衝撃的でした。
簡単なまとめ
to ＋ 動詞 → これから・目的・その瞬間
動詞 ＋ ing → 行動そのもの・事実・一般論
Try and Verb と Try to Verb では、意味としてはほぼ同じですが、Formal Writing では、Try to Verb の方が好まれるということです。American Heritageにも同じ趣旨の解説が載っています。Try to Verb は「努力する」ことに力点が置かれ、Try Verb+ing は「実際にしてみる」ことに力点が置かれる、という違いがあるそうです。このあたりは、同じ行為を見ても、書く人の解釈によってどちらにでもなると思います。
Want to ~ はどうでしょう？確かに want は、肯定文では to (infinitive) しかとりませんが、否定文で want に続いて目的語が来る場合は、to~ のかわりに ~ing (gerund) がくることがあります。
Want… Verb-ing / want… to Verb
Example A I don’t want you to criticize my work.
Example B I don’t want you criticizing my work.
The infinitive in Example A implies future as well as present, whereas the participle form in Example B implies present progressive. In usage, however, there is little semantic difference between the two.
To (infinitive) の方は、「これから、あるいは将来、批判されることがいやだ」という意味で、~ing (gerund) になると「今、批判されているのがいやだ」という意味が出てきます。
He tried to add humor into his speech. 彼はスピーチにユーモアを付け加えようとした。
He tried to apply what he learned about economics to dealing with his clients. 彼は経済学で学んだ知識を、客の対応に応用しようとした。
She tried to make it easy for me. 彼女は私を気楽にしてくれました。
She tried to paint like Renoir. 彼女はルノワールのような絵を描こうと努力しました。
He tried counting sheep. 彼は羊を数えてみたんだけどね。
I tried repairing the watch by myself, but it went bad to worse. Now it’s a dead loss. 自分で時計を修理しようとしたら、余計に悪くなってしまった。丸損です。
I triedwinding dental floss around my fingers, but it was difficult to reach the back teeth this way, so I ended up not using the floss. デンタルフロスを指に巻き付けて使ってみたのですが、奥歯の方となるととても使いづらく、結局は使わなくなってしまっていました。
文法クイズ （進行形又は不定詞）
Grammar Quiz 1
( ) の中に上記のあてはまる不定詞または動名詞を選び文書を完成させましょう！
例: It stopped (work) last month.
〇 It stopped workinglast month. ✖ It stopped to work last month.
Look at the English below and decide whether the verb should use to ～ or ～ing.
to ～ または ～ing で答えましょう。
クイズ（QUIZ）
次の文の（ ）に入る正しい形を選んで書いてください。 to ＋ 動詞 または 動詞 ＋ ing のどちらが正しいかを考えましょう。
文の意味が自然になる形を選んでください。 すべての問題に答えてください。
1. I stopped (get) some food on the way to Tokyo.
2. Did you remember (post) that letter? It’s very important.
3. Your dog needs (train).
4. A: I tried (lose) weight but it’s impossible. B: Have you tried (go) to a gym?
5. A: What’s wrong with that computer? B: I don’t know. It stopped (work) yesterday.
6. I don’t remember (come) home last night. I must have drunk too much.
7. The boss needs (talk) to you.
8. I am (go) to the bank.
9. I was (go) to the bank.
10. I don’t need (go) to school today.
問題解答（ANSWERS）
1. I stopped (to get) some food on the way to Tokyo.
2. Did you remember (to post) that letter? It’s very important.
3. Your dog needs (training).
4. A: I tried (to lose/losing) weight but it’s impossible. B: Have you tried (going) to a gym?
A: I tried to lose weight but it’s impossible. → 痩せようと努力したが、成功しなかった。
A: I tried losing weight but it’s impossible. → 痩せることを試してみたが、うまくいかなかった。 経験や方法を試した感じになります。
B: Have you tried going to a gym? → ジムに行くという方法を試したことがありますか。 提案としてとても自然です。
B: Have you tried to go to a gym? → ジムに行こうと努力したことはありますか。 行こうとしたが、行けなかった可能性があります。 文脈によっては少し不自然に聞こえます。
まとめ
try to + 動詞 → 努力したが失敗した可能性が高い
try + ing → 方法や経験として試す
5. A: What’s wrong with that computer? B: I don’t know. It stopped (working) yesterday.
6. I don’t remember (coming) home last night. I must have drunk too much.
He wanted (get) a textbook. ↓ He wanted to get a textbook.
Grammar Quiz 2
1) She needed (get) out of bed.
2) I demanded (speak) to the manager.
3) He offered (help).
4) They miss (go) to the city.
5) We wanted (do) it.
6) I’d hate (arrive) late.
7) She admitted (steal) the money.
8) I chose (work) here.
9) She waited (buy) a drink.
10) I really appreciate (be) on holidays.
11) I couldn’t help (laugh).
12) It seems (be) raining.
13) I considered (move) to Chitose.
14) They practised (speak).
15) Finally, I managed (finish) that work.
16) I really can’t stand (wait) for the subway trains.
17) Unfortunately, we can’t afford (buy) a new car this year.
18) She risked (be) late.
19) I’d love (come) with you.
20) I prepared (go) on a holiday.
Grammar Quiz 3
1) He needs (get) out of the room.
2) I said I like (speak) to my friend.
3) I didn’t offer (go).
4) Glen was (walk) to Odori Park at 3pm.
5) You needed (finish) it last week.
6) I love (watch) movies.
7) She admitted (eat) the last donut.
8) I didn’t want (buy) the red one.
9) He waited (see) what his friend wanted.
10) I appreciate (be) told about the good thing I do.
11) I couldn’t stop (drive).
12) It tends (be) colder on weekdays.
13) I thought about (catch) a subway train to Sapporo Station.
14) They liked (talk).
15) Finally, I managed (go) fishing.
16) I am (wait) for the bus now.
17) We can’t risk (go) over there.
18) She hates (be) the last person to leave the room.
19) I’d like (go) with my friends next time.
20) I was allowed (drink) during the English lesson.
Adjectives followed by the to-infinitive
afraid to V amazed to V anxious to V ashamed to V bound to V careful to V certain to V content to V delighted to V determined to V eager to V eligible to V fortunate to V glad to V happy to V hesitant to V liable to V likely to V lucky to V pleased to V proud to V ready to V reluctant to V sad to V shocked to V sorry to V surprised to V
Can you think of any others?
Feel free to post any answers in the comments section below.
Grammar Quiz 4
1) My mother wants (get) a new dress.
2) The teacher said (speak) is an important skill.
3) I didn’t want (drink).
4) Your dad was (walk) through the forest yesterday.
5) (Finish) your math homework is important.
6) I love (see) my friends on the weekend.
7) She was shocked (find out) the last donut had been eaten.
8) I didn’t want (touch) the hot plates.
9) He waited (see) what was on at the cinema.
10) I appreciate (be) told about the good things I do.
11) It couldn’t stop (study).
12) (Be) strong is considered a good thing by some people.
13) You thought about (catch) the subway train, didn’t you?
14) We liked (talk) about Daimaru.
15) Finally, she managed (get) a ticket to the free concert.
16) We are (wait) for the ferry now.
17) She likes (go) hiking.
18) He wants (get) paid for the work he did last week.
19) He’d love (go) next time.
20) Sogen was allowed (drink) water during the test.
Examples of Infinitive Verbs as Adjectives
When infinitive verbs act as adjectives, they describe the noun that they follow. Infinitives also modify nouns in sentences.
English is my favorite subject to study.
Finnegans Wake by James Joyce is a difficult book to understand.
My favorite dessert to makeis ice-cream cake.
She certainly gave us something to think about.
He’ll always have a friend to confide in.
That painting is a valuable heirloom to pass down.
That is the most important thing to know.
The best method to useis one of the new methods.
The Wimbledon Grand Slam tournament is the game to watch.
Do you have any clothes to wash?
Unlike infinitives that act as nouns in the sentence, adjectival infinitives answer the question “What kind of…”
In the example “Do you have any clothes to wash?” the infinitive “to wash” clarifies what kind of clothes they are.
Can’t is a contraction of cannot, and as such it’s sometimes unsuitable for formal writing. In everyday writing and in speaking, it’s ubiquitous:
I can’t go out until I proofread my essay. 私は自分のエッセイを校正するまで出かけることができません。
Mike can’t believe what’s happening in front of his eyes.
Cannot is better in formal writing:
I cannot wait until Saturday to see the movie.
We cannot allow these people to get in the way.
Don’t use can not when you mean cannot. The only time you’re likely to see can not written as separate words is when the word “can” happens to precede some other phrase that happens to start with “not”:
We can not only break even, but also turn a profit.
The company’s new product can not only reduce emissions, but also trap some of the existing greenhouse gasses.
Here is a quick summary:
Can’t is a contraction of cannot, and it is best suited for informal writing.
In formal writing and places where contractions are frowned upon, use cannot.
It is possible to write can not, but you generally find it only as part of some other construction, such as “not only . . . but also.”
Examples
The 30-year-old now says she’s recovering, but there are still days when she can’t drag herself out of bed for her part-time job at a university. Bloomberg
Jose Mourinho has warned Anthony Martial he cannot keep wasting opportunities given the intense competition in his position after the struggling Manchester United forward was dropped from the squad against Feyenoord. The Daily Telegraph
Even commit to change publicly to encourage accountability. In this way, apologizing can not only repair a relationship, but it can also become a powerful catalyst for your own personal growth. Harvard Business Review
Cannot and its related forms aren’t the only words in the English language that give you a choice of spelling. Axe is another one of them, as are minuscule and flyer.
How to find the id of an image (photograph, pic, jpg, png, bmp…) on a WordPress page or post
How to find the id of an image
If you want to find the id of an image (photograph, pic, JPG, PNG, WebP, BMP…) on a WordPress page or post, just click on Media on the left menu and when the pop-up Media screen shows you can move your mouse cursor over the words title, edit or delete (without clicking) and see the id in the status bar (lowest line or part of the internet program’s screen) of the browser.
WordPress 6.9 or 7.0: If you click on the image in the media library, you can then just look at the number in the URL area of your browser.
If you can’t see the words title, edit or delete you may need to click on show first then try moving your cursor over those words.
That’s all.
There are also some WordPress plugins you can install from the left plugin menu after clicking “add new” to show the IDs.
2 Different Galleries on a WordPress Page (Shortcode)
2 different galleries on a WordPress page
If you want to have 2, 3, 4 or even more galleries on a WordPress page you can. Just add short-code like the bold samples shown below.
Inside the square brackets [] write something like
gallery include=”a,b,c,d”
then in the next gallery
gallery include=”e,f,g,h,i,j,k”
A-E Gallery
F-J Gallery
K-O Gallery
P-T Gallery
U-Z Gallery
Why We Love Fire
By Natalie Wolchover and edited by Glen Charles Rowell
As America’s $2 billion candle industry attests, there is something mesmerizing about a flickering flame. Most people love to feel fire’s warmth, to test its limits, and to watch the way it consumes fuel. When there’s a candle or bonfire around, why can’t we help staring?
A dancing fire is pretty, as well as tantalizingly dangerous. But there may be a much deeper reason for our attraction to it. Daniel Fessler, an evolutionary anthropologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, has conducted research that indicates an adult’s fascination with fire is a direct consequence of not having mastered it as a child. Fire has been crucial to human survival for around one million years, and in that time, Fessler argues, humans have evolved psychological mechanisms specifically dedicated to controlling it. But because most Westerners no longer learn how to start, maintain and use fire during childhood, we instead wind up with a curious attraction to it — a burning desire left to languish.
Preliminary Findings
“My preliminary findings indicate that humans are not universally fascinated by fire,” Fessler told Life’s Little Mysteries. “On the contrary, this fascination is a consequence of inadequate experience with fire during development.”
In societies where fire is traditionally used daily as a tool, Fessler has found that children were only interested by fire until they attain mastery of it. After that point — usually at age 7 — people display little interest in fire and merely use it as one would use any ordinary tool. “Hence, the modern Western fascination with fire may reflect the unnatural prolongation into adulthood of a motivational system that normally serves to spur children to master an important skill during maturation,” Fessler wrote in an email.
Unlike a spider that inherently knows how to weave a web, humans don’t instinctively know how to produce and control fire. The ability must be learned during childhood. This may be because there was no universal method of fire building and control among our ancestors, who lived in diverse environments, and so there was no single method for evolution to ingrain in us. Instead, “fire learning” became the instinct. As Fessler put it in an article in the Journal of Cognition and Culture, “The only avenue open to selection processes operating on a species as wide-ranging as ourselves was to rely on learning for the acquisition of the requisite behaviors.” [Top 10 Inventions that Changed the World]
Children
Children are universally fascinated by predatory animals in a similar manner in which they are fascinated by fire. Because both could seriously harm or kill them, evolution requires that they be interested in those subjects, Fessler argues, as a way of ensuring that they pay special attention to information obtained about them. For example, children are naturally curious about which animals are dangerous and which aren’t, as well as which materials are flammable and which aren’t, and what the consequences are of adding, removing and rearranging objects in a fire. Our brains soak up this predator and fire knowledge.
Curiosity
In the United States, children’s natural inclination to learn about fire is evidenced by the hundreds of deaths that occur each year due to “fire play,” or the deliberate setting of a fire for no purpose beyond the fire itself. A study by the psychiatrist David Kolko of the University of Pittsburgh found that about three-quarters of children set a play fire during the three-year window of the study (1999 – 2001). Prior studies found that curiosity was the primary motive for the behavior. Fire department records show this peaks at age 12.
Questions
A 2002 study by Irene Pinsonneault of the Massachusetts Coalition for Juvenile Firesetter Intervention Program revealed children’s most common questions about fire, and they’re exactly the ones that would be expected to follow from an instinctual desire to learn how to build, control and use fire. The questions are: What makes fire hot? How does a small fire grow? Why are some fires very smoky? Can everything burn? How can you keep a fire small? How can you put fires out? [Easy Answers to the Top 5 Science Questions Kids Ask]
Learning
In societies in which fire is an everyday tool, kids learn these answers by age 7. Ethnographic data reveals that children in most such societies study adults’ control of fire from infancy. At age 3, they start experimenting with fire (including building small fires and using them to “cook” pretend food, such as mud pies). They gradually get more responsibility over the adults’ fire as they grow older, and at age 7, can generally control fires. Fire play starts to wind down at that stage.
Motives
According to Fessler, here in the West, many or most of us never get to that point. As a result, “The motives that drive fire learning are only incompletely satisfied. Throughout life, fire retains greater allure or fascination than would normally be the case.”
Thanks for checking out this article: 2 Different Galleries On A WordPress Page.
About the Author
This article was put together by Glen Charles Rowell, the owner and lead instructor at A Great Dream English School in Sapporo. When he’s not helping students learn English through fun, personalized lessons, he enjoys creating and managing websites using WordPress to support language learning.
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You can even create your own info products and sell, or build a list with a free report.
Tell me about your hobby,
and why you can,
or cannot make money with it.
Hobby: A hobby is a regular activity done for enjoyment. Typically done during your free time. Hobbies can include collecting items, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements.
How can you make extra money?
Exercise/Questions:
Do you have any hobbies?
Can you make money through your hobbies?
If you choose one of them, how can you make it more profitable?
What is the most popular hobby in your city or country?
Do you know any interesting facts about your hobby? If you do, please give a few examples.
What type of hobbies cost a lot of money?
Can you or famous people easily get a sponsor for this type of hobby?
How many hobbies can you say without repeating any?
50 Popular Hobbies
Reading
Watching TV
Family Time
Going to Movies
Fishing
Computer
Gardening
Renting Movies
Walking
Exercise
Listening to Music
Entertaining
Hunting
Team Sports
Shopping
Traveling
Sleeping
Socializing
Sewing
Golf
Church Activities
Relaxing
Playing Music
Housework
Crafts
Watching Sports
Bicycling
Playing Cards
Hiking
Cooking
Eating Out
Dating Online
Swimming
Camping
Skiing
Working on Cars
Writing
Boating
Motorcycling
Animal Care
Bowling
Painting
Running
Dancing
Horseback Riding
Tennis
Theater
Billiards
Beach
Volunteer Work
How can you make extra money through your hobby video
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If you would like an English lesson to study about any of the sentences below or grammar points, feel free to send a message anytime. If you are using a PC, you can double click on any of the English words to bring up an English to Japanese dictionary that has word definition and examples. For other grammar explanations in Japanese click here.
English Sentence Corrections by the Teacher
Real Student Examples – Learning from mistakes
This page shows real English sentences said by students and the corrections made during lessons. Reading this page is a useful way to learn grammar, vocabulary and sentence structures. Great for ESL students.
英文法チェック・添削・文章チェック ・ 文法チェック ・ 英会話 例文
文章： X I’m not good speaking. 正しい： ◯ I’m not good at speaking.
2026年10月
2026年09月
2026年08月
2026年07月
2026年06月
2026年05月
2026年04月
2026年03月
文章： X I was mistake grammar. 正しい： ◯ I made a grammar mistake.
文章： X When you into the home, you should take off your shoes. 正しい： ◯ When you go into a home, you should take off your shoes. または When you enter someone’s home, you should take off your shoes.
文章： X You should bring a some present for the host. 正しい： ◯ You should bring a present for the host.
文章： X If you cut your nails in midnight, you will can’t see your died parent’s face. 正しい： ◯ If you cut your nails at midnight, you won’t be able to see your dead parents’ faces.
文章： X In the 3 question, I got 3 points. 正しい： ◯ I got 3 points for the 3rd question.
2026年02月
文章： X I’m gonna work my part-time job. 正しい： ◯ I’m gonna work at my part-time job.
2026年01月
文章： X Excuse me. Pick up one floor. 正しい： ◯ Excuse me. You can pick it up from the first floor.
文章： X How do you call this in English? 正しい： ◯ What do you call this in English?
読み方： ワット・ドゥ・ユー・コール・ディス・イン・イングリッシュ
日本語： これは英語で何と言いますか？
ローマ字： Kore wa eigo de nan to iimasu ka?
2025年11月
文章： X I wish you will enjoying your stay. 正しい： ◯ I hope you enjoy your stay.
読み方： ウィ・ホープ・ユー・エンジョイ・ユア・ステイ
日本語： ご滞在をお楽しみください。
ローマ字： Go-taizai o o-tanoshimi kudasai.
2025年10月
文章： X I was test today. 正しい： ◯ I had a test today.
読み方： アイ・ハド・ア・テスト・トゥデイ
日本語： 今日はテストがありました。
ローマ字： Kyō wa tesuto ga arimashita.
2025年09月
文章： X What time is it get up? 正しい： ◯ What time do you get up?
2025年08月
文章： X I went to a business trip. 正しい： ◯ I went on a business trip.
2025年07月
文章： X We are trying to get there by walk today. 正しい： ◯ We are trying to walk there today. または We are gonna try walking there today.
2025年06月
文章： Is it delicious? X I’m not taste. 正しい： ◯ Is it delicious? I can’t taste it.
文章： Do you have hay fever? X No, I don’t better. 正しい： ◯ Do you have hay fever? No, I don’t.
2025年05月
文章： X What do you think education system in Sapporo? 正しい： ◯ What do you think about the education system in Sapporo?
2025年04月
文章： X What app can we use when Skype not working in May? 正しい： ◯ What app can we use after Skype stops working in May?
2025年03月
文章： X you are so kind. Easy to understand explanation 正しい： ◯ You are so kind. The explanation is easy to understand.
2025年02月
文章： X What is it mean? 正しい： ◯ What does it mean?
2025年01月
文章： X How to spell it? 正しい： ◯ How do you spell it?
2025 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2024年12月
文章： X I have 21 years old. 正しい： ◯ I’m 21 years old.
2024年11月
文章： X I will visit them at Friday. 正しい： ◯ I will visit them on Friday.
2024年10月
文章： X I have lost the bus because I was late. 正しい： ◯ I missed the bus because I was late.
2024年09月
文章： X I caught the 4:30 o’clock train. 正しい： ◯ I caught the 4:30pm train.
2024年08月
文章： X Can I online lesson in two days? I have a work schedule tomorrow. 正しい： ◯ Can I have an onIine lesson in two days? I have to work tomorrow.
2024年07月
文章： X I had a hard to sleep. 正しい： ◯ I had a hard time sleeping.
2024年06月
文章： X after after Tuesday 正しい： ◯ the Tuesday after next または in two weeks on Tuesday
2024年05月
文章： X This fish has poisonous thorns. 正しい： ◯ This fish has poisonous spines.
2024年04月
文章： X International party was lot of fun yesterday. Thank you. 正しい： ◯ The international party was lots of fun yesterday. Thank you.
2024年03月
文章： X I usually pay by the clothes. 正しい： ◯ I usually pay for the clothes.
2024 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2023年08月 – EIKEN Level Pre 1
文章： X The picture Joanna wanted to use in her presentation was too small. She decided to reverse it so the audience could see it. 正しい： ◯ The picture Joanna wanted to use in her presentation was too small. She decided to enlarge it so the audience could see it.
2023年07月
文章： X Is beer garden on this month? 正しい： ◯ Is the beer garden on this month?
2023年06月
文章： X I arrived at Israel yesterday. 正しい： ◯ I arrived in Israel yesterday.
2023年05月
文章： X I read books in during breaks. 正しい： ◯ I read books during my breaks.
2023年04月
文章： X I don’t like student is noisy. 正しい： ◯ I don’t like it when students are noisy.
2023年03月
文章： X I get to school time is one hour. 正しい： ◯ I get to school in one hour.
2023年02月
文章： X My room is too tall. I want a big room. 正しい： ◯ My room is too small. I want a big room.
2023年01月 – EIKEN Level 3
文章： X A: It’s Tom’s birthday next Saturday. Let’s buys him a present. B: Good idea. 正しい： ◯ A: It’s Tom’s birthday next Saturday. Let’s buy him a present. B: Good idea.
2023 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2022年12月 – EIKEN Level 5
文章： X A: Kate, is that your brother? B: Yes. He’s a high school class. 正しい： ◯ A: Kate, is that your brother? B: Yes. He’s a high school student.
2022年11月 – EIKEN Level 1
文章： X In a recent speech, the mayor squandered the city’s educators for failing to properly prepare students for national achievement exams. 正しい： ◯ In a recent speech, the mayor berated the city’s educators for failing to properly prepare students for national achievement exams.
2022年10月
文章： X I’m care worker. 正しい： ◯ I’m a care worker.
2022年09月
文章： X When is international party? 正しい： ◯ When is the international party?
2022年08月
文章： X That movie effected me greatly. 正しい： ◯ That movie affected me greatly.
2022年07月
文章： X This is better then that one. 正しい： ◯ This is better than that one.
2022年06月
文章： X The company celebrated it’s 8th birthday yesterday. 正しい： ◯ The company celebrated its 8th birthday yesterday.
2022年05月
文章： X Your lesson is so nice price. 正しい： ◯ Your lesson is such a nice price. または The price of your lesson is so nice.
2022年04月
文章： X How much hours do you usually study everyday? 正しい： ◯ How many hours do you usually study every day?
2022 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2021年10月
文章： X Its a cold day for October. 正しい： ◯ It’s a cold day for October.
2021年09月
文章： X These recipes is good. Thank you. 正しい： ◯ These recipes are good. Thank you.
2021年08月
文章： X At eight years old, my father gave me a bicycle for Christmas. 正しい： ◯ When I was eight years old, my father gave me a bicycle for Christmas.
2021年06月
文章： X There father went to school there. 正しい： ◯ Their father went to school there.
2021年05月
文章： X The dogs bowl was full of bones. 正しい： ◯ The dog’s bowl was full of bones.
2021年04月
文章： X The cats eats at 6. 正しい： ◯ The cats eat at 6.
2021年03月
文章： X It’s cold, But we go skiing everyday. 正しい： ◯ It’s cold, but we go skiing everyday.
2021年02月
文章： X My sisters online lesson is on Saturday. 正しい： ◯ My sister’s online lesson is on Saturday.
2021年01月
文章： X I went jogging on usual. 正しい： ◯ I went jogging as usual.
2021 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2020年12月
文章： X I want online lesson tomorrow’s morning please. 正しい： ◯ I want an online lesson tomorrow morning please.
2020年11月
文章： X Piease give aEmail to this address. 正しい： ◯ Please send an email to this address.
2020年10月
文章： X I was busy today’s morning. 正しい： ◯ I was busy this morning.
2020年9月
文章： X Rodolfo’s boss, Jenny, was angry with him when the client canceled the contract, but his colleagues talked down to him. They told the boss it was not his fault. 正しい： ◯Rodolfo’s boss, Jenny, was angry with him when the client canceled the contract, but his colleagues stuck up for him. They told the boss it was not his fault.
2020年8月
文章： X Many students complained the book was very difficult to understand in places, so the teacher tried to scorn those sections using simpler language. 正しい： ◯ Many students complained the book was very difficult to understand in places, so the teacher tried to paraphrase those sections using simpler language.
2020年7月
文章： X I’d like to live in abroad. 正しい： ◯I’d like to live abroad.
2020年6月
文章： X I wanna try custom English course. 正しい： ◯I wanna try the custom English course.
2020年5月
文章： X Her voice looks different. 正しい： ◯Her voice sounds different.
文章： X I am been taking lesson since 2010. 正しい： ◯I’ve been taking lessons since 2010.
2020年4月
文章： X I want online lesson next Thursday please. 正しい： ◯I want an online lesson next Thursday please.
2020年3月
文章： X I looked internet yesterday. 正しい： ◯I used the internet yesterday. または I was on the internet yesterday.
2020年2月
文章： X My mother very like kimchi. 正しい： ◯My mother really likes kimchi.
文章： X I did many homework. 正しい： ◯I did lots of homework.
2020年1月
文章： X It’s nice taste. 正しい： ◯It tastes nice. または It’s a nice taste.
2020 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2019年10月
文章： X Thanks you very much. 正しい： ◯Thank you very much.
2019年6月
文章： X Sorry, problem has solved. 正しい： ◯Sorry, the problem was solved.
2019年5月
文章： X Today is sushis. 正しい： ◯I will have sushi today.
2019年4月
文章： X Maybe any peoples went to that shop. 正しい： ◯Maybe some people went to that shop.
2019年3月
文章： X Thanks you for learning me today. 正しい： ◯Thank you for teaching me today.
2019年2月
文章： X Thanks for your massage..How is your day going?Hope been great. 正しい： ◯Thanks for your message. How is your day going? Hope it’s been great.
2019年1月
文章： X Do you know the bar where foreigners often? 正しい： ◯Do you know a bar where foreigners often go?
2019 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2018年12月
文章： X The bag is yours? 正しい： ◯Is the bag yours?
2018年11月
文章： X Why are not you going home? 正しい： ◯Why aren’t you going home?
2018年10月
文章： X Which state do you wanna? 正しい： ◯ Which state do you wanna go to?
2018年9月
文章： X Please teach mine English. 正しい： ◯ Please teach me English.
2018年4月
文章： X I’m not hope to Piano Lessons now. 正しい： ◯ I don’t want to do a piano lesson now. または I don’t want to do piano lessons at the moment.
2018年3月
文章： X I spent happy time. 正しい： ◯ I had a good time.
2018年2月
文章： X I gonna look better after. 正しい： ◯ I’m gonna look better after.
文章： X Thank you for all fan mails. 正しい： ◯ Thank you for all the fan mail.
2018年1月
文章： X I hope it inspire you. 正しい： ◯ I hope it inspires you.
2018 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2017年12月
文章： X There will doesn’t enough. 正しい： ◯ There won’t be enough.
2017年11月
文章： X Today is going dinner. 正しい： ◯ I’m going out for dinner tonight.
2017年10月
文章： X He has a lot of eat. 正しい： ◯ He eats a lot.
2017年9月
文章： X The battery lasts quickly. 正しい： ◯ The battery runs out quickly.
2017年8月
文章： X I’ll sent you. 正しい： ◯ I’ll send it to you.
文章： X I gonna cook breakfast 正しい： ◯ I’m gonna cook breakfast.
2017年7月
文章： X If,my flight get cancell,i go back to hotel in Osaka again 正しい： ◯ If my flight gets cancelled, I’ll go back to my hotel in Osaka again.
2017年6月
文章： X How’s going on? 正しい： ◯ How’s it going? 又は How are you?
文章： X Are you ALT or something? 正しい： ◯ Are you an ALT or something?
文章： X Oh You run English school. 正しい： ◯ Oh. You run an English school.
2017年5月
文章： X I’ll late 1 to 2 minutes 正しい： ◯ I’ll be 1 to 2 minutes late.
2017年4月
文章： X What’s your favorite movies? 正しい： ◯ What’s your favorite movie?
文章： X Is your father want to say in Sapporo? 正しい： ◯ Does you father want to stay in Sapporo?
2017年3月
文章： X I have never go to Sapporo Station. 正しい： ◯ I have never been to Sapporo Station.
文章： X If I need a groom, please you can a model 正しい： ◯ If I need a groom, can you please be a model?
2017年2月
文章： X maybe half tickets I throw away yesterday 正しい： ◯ Maybe I threw away half the tickets yesterday.
2017年1月
文章： X This 2 stickers look same. 正しい： ◯ These 2 stickers look the same.
文章： X My teeth is chipped yesterday. 正しい： ◯ I chipped my tooth yesterday.
2017 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2016年12月
文章： X Your welcome and thank you for cheer up me always 正しい： ◯ You’re welcome and thank you for always cheering up me.
2016年11月
文章： X What a cute! 正しい： ◯ How cute!
2016年10月
文章： X Have a good on your holiday. 正しい： ◯ Have a good holiday.
2016年9月
文章： X I’m okay with today’s afternoon. 正しい： ◯ I’m okay with this afternoon.
文章： X I’m coming to the hospital again. ※ The person that received this message was not at the hospital. 正しい： ◯ I’m going to the hospital again.
2016年8月
文章： X Can I have English lesson next Thursday on 8th August? 正しい： ◯ Can I have an English lesson this Thursday on August 8th?
2016年7月
文章： X I almost don’t find it yesterday. 正しい： ◯ I almost didn’t find it yesterday.
2016年6月
文章： X Other author also reviewed and summarized their articles. 正しい： ◯ The other author also reviewed and summarized their articles.
2016年5月
文章： X It was fell off. 正しい： ◯ It fell off.
2016年4月
文章： X I learing English for work. 正しい： ◯ I’m learning English for work.
2016年3月
文章： X Food in Hokkaido, what do you think? 正しい： ◯ What do think about food in Hokkaido?
2016年2月
文章： X Yes,I’ll be come back. 正しい： ◯ Yes, I’ll come back.
2016年1月
文章： X I have many free time. 正しい： ◯ I have lots of free time.
文章： X I have to early next morning. 正しい： ◯ I have to get up early the next morning.
2016 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2015年12月
文章： X I sometime watch the movie. 正しい： ◯ I sometimes watch a movie.
2015年11月
文章： X I’m go home at 3 today. 正しい： ◯ I’m going home at 3 today.
2015年10月
文章： X Am not understand what cool photo 正しい： ◯ I don’t understand what cool photo means.
文章： X Not smiling pumpking is a few. 正しい： ◯ There are a few pumpkins that aren’t smiling. または： ◯ There are a few pumpkins but they aren’t smiling.
文章： X I’m not in the mood to traveling. 正しい： ◯ I’m not in the mood to travel.
2015年9月
文章： X I didn’t want they will do crimes. 正しい： ◯ I don’t want them to commit crimes.
2015年8月
文章： X My part-time job office is wifi. 正しい： ◯ My office has wifi.
文章： X Today is no part-time job. 正しい： ◯ I’m not working at my part-time job today.
2015年7月
文章： X It’s a break from work all day tomorrow! 正しい： ◯ I have a day-off from work tomorrow!
2015年6月
文章： X Please let me know any need help. 正しい： ◯ Please let me know if you need any help.
文章： X It’s day off today! 正しい： ◯ It’s my day off today!
2015年5月
文章： X Yeah,it just for fun! 正しい： ◯ Yeah, it’s just for fun!
文章： X Next a lesson Tuesday. 正しい： ◯ Next lesson is on Tuesday.
2015年4月
文章： X Shops of people I would like to know the number of people that the darts. 正しい： ◯ I would like to know the number of people that will play darts for the shop.
文章： X I’m old is 22. 正しい： ◯ I’m 22 years old.
2015年3月
文章： X I’m good at curiousty. 正しい： ◯ I’m very curious about many things.
文章： X I`d like to do hot yoga lesson. 正しい： ◯ I’d like to do a hot yoga lesson.
2015年2月
文章： X Sit up is difficult. 正しい： ◯ Sit-ups are difficult.
2015年1月
文章： X I’m just finished my make-up and I’m waiting for get dressed. 正しい： ◯ I just finished my make-up and I’m waiting to get dressed.
2015 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2014年12月
文章： X When Good for you in next week? 正しい： ◯ When is good for you next week?
文章： X I want stay this hotel. 正しい： ◯ I want to stay at this hotel.
文章： X I talk my friend. 正しい： ◯ I want to talk to my friend.
2014年11月
文章： X It is nice good one. 正しい： ◯ It is a nice one. または It is a good one.
文章： X Don’t to be serious! 正しい： ◯ Don’t be too serious!
2014年10月
文章： X Think there is same company to eaon 正しい： ◯ I think it’s the same company as Aeon.
2014年9月
文章： X I have time a little left now. 正しい： ◯ I have a little time left now.
2014年8月
文章： X I will give you a remind mail for check each other next time. 正しい： ◯ I will send you an email to check each time next time.
文章： X I did ate with my friend. 正しい： ◯ I ate with my friend.
2014年7月
文章： X My homework send to other time. 正しい： ◯ I’ll send my homework another time.
文章： X Could you reschedule meeting for more early time ? 正しい： ◯ Could you reschedule our meeting for an earlier time?
2014年6月
文章： X I don’t decide yet when I do TOEIC test. 正しい： ◯ I haven’t decided when I’ll do the TOEIC test yet.
文章： X This morning very early wake up. 正しい： ◯ I woke up very early this morning.
2014年5月
文章： X Vinegar put in salmon. 正しい： ◯ I put vinegar on the salmon.
文章： X He is about 40 years old man. 正しい： ◯ He is about 40 years old.
文章： X Yes, I does. 正しい： ◯ Yes, I do.
2014年4月
文章： X I will send to you. 正しい： ◯ I will send it to you.
文章： X Other country people are also nice at parties. 正しい： ◯ People from other countries are also nice at parties.
文章： X I will catch up the bus. 正しい： ◯ I will catch the bus.
2014年3月
文章： X I want to shape is round. 正しい： ◯ The shape I want is round.
文章： X Near my building icy road was slippy today. 正しい： ◯ The icy road near my building was slippery today.
文章： X Please follow with them. 正しい： ◯ Please follow them. または Please go with them.
2014年2月
文章： X My idea is all those people to come to Sapporo. 正しい： ◯ My idea is for all those people to come to Sapporo.
文章： X My friend wanna comes to here next time. 正しい： ◯ My friend wants to come here next time.
文章： X Snow Festivals was very nice yesterday and day before. 正しい： ◯ The Snow Festival was very nice yesterday and the day before.
2014年1月
文章： X It good idea to have projection mapping at Sapporo Snow Festival. 正しい： ◯ It’s a good idea to have projection mapping at the Sapporo Snow Festival.
文章： X She speak strange things. 正しい： ◯ She says strange things.
文章： X There are my sister. 正しい： ◯ There is my sister.
2014 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2013年12月
文章： X There is many snow outside. 正しい： ◯ There is lots of snow outside.
文章： X Please a tea. 正しい： ◯ Would you like a tea?
2013年11月
文章： X I had been bad cold. 正しい： ◯ I had a bad cold.
文章： X I’d like to reservation. 正しい： ◯ I’d like to make a reservation.
文章： X I study 3 on day. 正しい： ◯ I study 3 times a day.
2013年10月
文章： X It’s a sunny today. 正しい： ◯ It’s sunny today. または It’s a sunny day today.
文章： X Sorry! I can not the camera. 正しい： ◯ Sorry! I can not use the camera.
文章： X Does your mother kind? 正しい： ◯ Is your mother kind?
2013年9月
文章： X How do you image about art? 正しい： ◯ What do you think about art?
文章： X It doesn’t take any cost. 正しい： ◯ It doesn’t cost anything.
2013年8月
文章： X Was enjoy yesterday. 正しい： ◯ I enjoyed yesterday.
文章： X Let’s me put you through someone else. 正しい： ◯ Let me put you through to someone else.
2013年7月
文章： X See you 2 weeks ago. 正しい： ◯ See you in 2 weeks.
文章： X I listen CD. 正しい： ◯ I listen to the CD.
文章： X I not tell to anybody. 正しい： ◯ I didn’t tell anybody.
文章： X I appointment to driving lesson. 正しい： ◯ I made an appointment to have a driving lesson.
文章： X Eyedrops take itchy off. 正しい： ◯ Eyedrops stop your eyes itching.
2013年6月
文章： X Yes, I like. 正しい： ◯ Yes, I like it.
文章： X I went Asahikawa City. 正しい： ◯ I went to Asahikawa City.
文章： X I have been exercise since 4 months. 正しい： ◯ I have been exercising for 4 months.
2013年5月
文章： X The most bigger please. 正しい： ◯ The biggest please.
文章： X I saw a picture that’s to send my phone. 正しい： ◯ I saw a picture that was sent to my phone.
文章： X There takes 3 hours by car. 正しい： ◯ It takes 3 hours by car (to get there).
スペルの間違った語： X cerimony 正しい： ◯ ceremony
スペルの間違った語： X constanant 正しい： ◯ consonant
2013年4月
文章： X Your school is convenient place. 正しい： ◯ Your school is in a convenient place.
文章： X Let’s stocked up on the best. 正しい： ◯ We stocked up on the best.
2013年3月
文章： X I’m saving money for go overseas. 正しい： ◯ I’m saving money to go overseas.
文章： X I have decided nothing yet. 正しい： ◯ I haven’t decided (on) anything yet.
2013年2月
文章： X I talk my coworker. 正しい： ◯ I talked to my coworker.
文章： X I will make to lunch. 正しい： ◯ I will make lunch.
文章： X I was job. 正しい： ◯ I was working.
文章： X Attached file is newest file. 正しい： ◯ The attached file is the newest file.
2013年1月
文章： X I not have sister. 正しい： ◯ I don’t have a sister.
文章： X It smell rose. 正しい： ◯ It smells like rose.
文章： X I drank almost day. 正しい： ◯ I drank almost all day.
2013 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2012年12月
文章： X I mistake. 正しい： ◯ I made a mistake.
文章： X His clothes is not that good. 正しい： ◯ His clothes are not that good.
2012年11月
文章： X My computer was crashed. 正しい： ◯ My computer crashed.
文章： X It not sure what will happen. 正しい： ◯ It’s not clear what will happen.
2012年10月
文章： X I have time bit. 正しい： ◯ I have a bit of time.
【In a taxi】 文章： X Please stop the corner. 正しい： ◯ Please stop at the corner.
文章： X When we say about company… 正しい： ◯ When we talk about our company… 又は When we talk about the company…
文章： X They have already our schedule. 正しい： ◯ They already have our schedule.
2012年9月
文章： X I’m going home early and picking my clothes. 正しい： ◯ I’m going home early and picking up my clothes.
文章： X See you next next week. 正しい： ◯ See you in 2 weeks.
2012年8月
文章： X Long pants is? 正しい： ◯ Are they long pants?
文章： X I usually having a breakfast at 8:30. 正しい： ◯ I usually have breakfast at 8:30.
2012年7月
文章： X He doesn’t running. 正しい： ◯ He doesn’t run.
文章： X What do you like drink? 正しい： ◯ What drink do you like?
2012年6月
文章： X You should have a time, make you relax. 正しい： ◯ You should have time to relax. 又は You should take some time off to relax.
文章： X That looks like very interesting. 正しい： ◯ That looks very interesting.
文章： X Are you borrow it? 正しい： ◯ Did you borrow it?
文章： X She’s name is xxxxxxx. 正しい： ◯ Her name is xxxxxxx.
2012年5月
文章： X See you next next week. 正しい： ◯ See you in 2 weeks.
文章： X I speak is Japanese. 正しい： ◯ I speak Japanese.
2012年4月
文章： X I went clinic and checked my teeth. 正しい： ◯ I went to a clinic and got my teeth checked.
文章： X People in Greece broke out an out break. 正しい： ◯ There was a riot in Greece.
2012年3月
文章： X I am very bad eye. 正しい： ◯ I have very bad eyes. 又は My eyesight is really bad.
文章： X I bought a mountain bike a few years ago but the tire was heavy. 正しい： ◯ I bought a mountain bike a few years ago but the tires were heavy.
文章（小６）： X Do you like food orange? 正しい： ◯ Do you like oranges?
スペリング：The other burger was really nice compaired to this one. 正しい： ◯ The other burger was really nice compared to this one.
文章： X He need special board and boots. 正しい： ◯ He needs a special board and boots.
2012年2月
文章： X I want to that chair. 正しい： ◯ I want that chair.
文章： X What does mean coolest place? 正しい： ◯ What does coolest place mean?
文章： X Do you know what does mean quarter to seven? 正しい： ◯ Do you know what quarter to seven means?
文章： X What is strangest mean? 正しい： ◯ What does strangest mean?
文章： X Because she did a ski, so she was tired. 正しい： ◯ She skied, so she was tired. 又は 正しい： ◯ She was tired because she skied.
2012年1月
文章： X I will try no do that anymore. 正しい： ◯ I will try not to do that anymore.
文章： X Recent, I was so busy. 正しい： ◯ Recently, I’ve been so busy.”
文章： X She is always “I’m clumsy.” 正しい： ◯ She is always saying “I’m clumsy.”
文章： X I go to a hair salon every month. Today, I like hair salon. 正しい： ◯ I go to a hair salon every month. Today, I’ll go to the hair salon I like.
文章： X I think more about how to learn English. 正しい： ◯ I will think more about how to learn English.
文章： X When are you born? 正しい： ◯ When were you born?
文章： X Today, I will talking about volleyball. 正しい： ◯ Today, I will be talking about volleyball.
2012 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
2011年12月
X My mother is cleans my house. ◯ My mother is cleaning the house.
X Today is sleeping. ◯ I was sleeping this morning.
X They are not study every day. ◯ They do not study every day.
X I will want go to Tokyu Hands. ◯ I want to go to Tokyu Hands.
X I will do same yesterday. ◯ I did the same thing yesterday.
2011年11月
X I will go to cram school is 7 o’clock. ◯ I will go to cram school at 7 o’clock.
X It is face to left. ◯ It is facing the left.
X It equals to sixty. ◯ It equals sixty. 又は It is equal to sixty.
X It turns to clockwise. ◯ It turns clockwise.
2011年10月
X Yesterday, weather is very good. Sunny day. ◯ Yesterday, the weather was very good. It was a sunny day.
X Lunch course we ate, 6 o’clock we finish. ◯ We had a lunch course and finished at 6 o’clock.
X It should be made to a square. ◯ It should make a square.
X How often do you practice the piano? Nothing. ◯ How often do you practice the piano? Never.
2011年9月
X The sun was sets. ◯ The sun set.
X I hardly working. ◯ I hardly work.
X Almost everyone wear shirts. ◯ Almost everyone wears shirts.
X I am so busy to prepare for moving my house. ◯ I am so busy from preparing to move into my new house. ◯ I’m so busy. I have so much to do before I move into my new house.
2011年8月
文章：X I very, very, very, don’t like peas. 正しい： ◯ I really, really, really, don’t like peas.
文章：X I just get that speaks English. 正しい： ◯ I’ll just get someone that speaks English.
文章：X I can’t find any questions now. 正しい： ◯ I don’t have any questions now.
文章：X Take out obi from fan. 正しい： ◯ You take the fan out from your obi (kimono’s sash).
文章：XI went to business trip. 正しい： ◯I went on a business trip.
2011年7月
One mother said this to her child before a lesson: X Hand washing is okay?
◯ Did you wash your hands?
X I am very good feeling. ◯ I feel very good.
X I don’t like so much. ◯ I don’t like those so much.
X It’s just size. ◯ It’s the perfect size. ◯ It’s a perfect fit.
2011年6月
X I like watch TV. ◯ I like watching TV.
X I went Hawaii last year. ◯ I went to Hawaii last year.
X I like blue color. ◯ I like blue. ◯ I like the color blue.
2011年5月
文章：X I’ve waiting for you. 正しい：◯ I’ve been waiting for you.
文章：X My friend is a specialist in bone. 正しい：◯ My friend is a bone specialist.
2011年4月
文章：X It begins on 9. 正しい：◯ It begins at 9.
Which do you like better bread or rice? 文章：X I like better rice. 正しい：◯ I like rice better.
2011年3月
文章：X When I was high school student I went to homestay. 正しい：◯ When I was a high school student I did a homestay.
文章：X I went to onsen. 正しい：◯ I went to an onsen. ◎ I went to a hot spring.
2011年2月
文章： X I go there 4th times a year. 正しい： ◯ I go there 4 times a year.
“I went to go to school.” instead of “I went to school.“ I went to go to school. = I got ready to go to school.
間違いやすいリスニング：worse vs worth テキスト文：Shiretoko is worth the trek. 生徒の質問：“Why is Shiretoko so bad?” 先生の答え：“It’s not. This sentence means it is good to take the effort to walk to Shiretoko.”
2011年1月
文法 ★ Can you give me an example of using “still” and “yet” please?
Still I still have one English lesson left today. I have one more English lesson to go, until I’m finished.
Yet Have you finished your English lesson yet? Are you still studying English?
文章： X Mikoshi group is new year’s party. 正しい： ◯ My mikoshi group had a New Year’s party.
2011 文章チェック ・ 文法チェック
✨ Note: The corrections on this page were made by the teacher during the lesson.
Reiwa – Heisei – Showa – Taisho – Meiji 
![文法 短縮[縮約]形リスト | List of Contractions](https://agreatdream.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/sapporo-eikaiwa-school-agreatdream-contractions.png)
![文法 短縮[縮約]形リスト | List of 12 Contractions in English](https://agreatdream.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/sapporo-eikaiwa-school-agreatdream-contractions-960x640.png)
