文法 ～の短縮[縮約]形 一覧

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Below are some handy lists of contractions to help make your English sound more natural.

Click here for a quiz.
英語の短縮形クイズへ

	BEの 短縮形	WILLの 短縮形	WOULDの 短縮形	HAVEの 短縮形	HADの 短縮形
I 私	I’m I am	I’ll I will	I’d I would	I’ve I have	I’d I had
you あなた	you’re you are	you’ll you will	you’d you would	you’ve you have	you’d you had
he 彼	he’s he is	he’ll he will	he’d he would	he’s he has	he’d he had
she 彼女	she’s she is	she’ll she will	she’d she would	she’s she has	she’d she had
it これ	it’s (or ’tis) it is	it’ll it will	it’d it would	it’s it has	it’d it had
we 私たち	we’re we are	we’ll we will	we’d we would	we’ve we have	we’d we had
they 彼ら	they’re they are	they’ll they will	they’d they would	they’ve they have	they’d they had
that あの	that’s that is	that’ll that will	that’d that would	that’s that has	that’d that had
who 誰	who’s who is	who’ll who will	who’d who would	who’s who has	who’d who had
what 何	what’s/what’re what is/what are	what’ll what will	what’d what would	what’s what has	what’d what had
where どこ	where’s where is	where’ll where will	where’d where would	where’s where has	where’d where had
when いつ	when’s when is	when’ll when will	when’d when would	when’s when has	when’d when had
why なぜ	why’s why is	why’ll why will	why’d why would	why’s why has	why’d why had
how どう	how’s how is	how’ll how will	how’d how would	how’s how has	how’d how had

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ダブル短縮 | DOUBLE CONTRACTIONS

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she’d’ve (colloquial)日常会話の中で使う

she would have
If I paid, she would have gone to the party.
私が払ったら、彼女はパーティーに行っただろう。

’tisn’t (archaic)
この形はもう使わない

it is not
～じゃない

トリプル短縮 | TRIPLE CONTRACTIONS

I’d’ven’t (colloquial)
I would have not

‘twouldn’t’ve (colloquial)
it would not have

it’dn’t’ve
it would not have

y’all’d’ve
you all would have

you’dn’t’ve
you would not have

WORDS (negating a verb)	CONTRACTION 短縮
is not	isn’t
are not	aren’t
was not	wasn’t
were not	weren’t
have not	haven’t
has not	hasn’t
had not	hadn’t
will not	won’t
would not	wouldn’t
do not	don’t
does not	doesn’t
did not	didn’t
cannot	can’t
could not	couldn’t
should not	shouldn’t
might not	mightn’t
must not	mustn’t
need not	needn’t
shall not	shan’t

Can’t is a contraction of cannot, and as such it’s sometimes unsuitable for formal writing. In everyday writing and in speaking, it’s ubiquitous:

I can’t go out until I proofread my essay.
私は自分のエッセイを校正するまで出かけることができません。

Mike can’t believe what’s happening in front of his eyes.

Cannot is better in formal writing:

I cannot wait until Saturday to see the movie.

We cannot allow these people to get in the way.

Don’t use can not when you mean cannot. The only time you’re likely to see can not written as separate words is when the word “can” happens to precede some other phrase that happens to start with “not”:

We can not only break even, but also turn a profit.

The company’s new product can not only reduce emissions, but also trap some of the existing greenhouse gasses.

Here is a quick summary:

• Can’t is a contraction of cannot, and it is best suited for informal writing.
• In formal writing and places where contractions are frowned upon, use cannot.
• It is possible to write can not, but you generally find it only as part of some other construction, such as “not only . . . but also.”

Examples

The 30-year-old now says she’s recovering, but there are still days when she can’t drag herself out of bed for her part-time job at a university. Bloomberg

Jose Mourinho has warned Anthony Martial he cannot keep wasting opportunities given the intense competition in his position after the struggling Manchester United forward was dropped from the squad against Feyenoord. The Daily Telegraph

Even commit to change publicly to encourage accountability. In this way, apologizing can not only repair a relationship, but it can also become a powerful catalyst for your own personal growth. Harvard Business Review

Cannot and its related forms aren’t the only words in the English language that give you a choice of spelling. Axe is another one of them, as are minuscule and flyer.

WORDS (woulda, shoulda, coulda)

WORDS (woulda, shoulda, coulda)	CONTRACTION 短縮
would have	would’ve
should have	should’ve
could have	could’ve
might have	might’ve
must have	must’ve

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Words (odd ones) + Contractions

o’
of

o’clock
of the clock

ma’am
madam

ne’er-do-well
never-do-well

cat-o’-nine-tails
cat-of-nine-tails

jack-o’-lantern
ジャック・オー・ランタン

jack-of-the-lantern
ランタンのジャックさん

will-o’-the-wisp
will-of-the-wisp

Will-o’-the-wisp are strange glowing lights seen in the wetlands, swamps, and sometimes ponds, said to lead travelers to their doom.

’twas (archaic) = it was
主な意味：it was の短縮形

“‘Twas he cut off my arm.”
Chapter 5: The Island Come True, Peter Pan, James Matthew Barrie
例文「わしの腕を切り落としやがった。」 『ピーターパンとウェンディ』

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