Vocabulary Level 09 | Advanced 3 | レベル９ | 上級者（上）

英単語を学習 Study English Words (Vocabulary List – Level 1 to 10)

Vocabulary Level 9 – English Words & Expressions YOU NEED TO KNOW

Vocabulary Level 9

trenchant = ___________________

ephemeral = ___________________

pontificate = ___________________

Please print this English word list then write the answers.

Sapporo Eikaiwa AGreatDream.com

trenchant (Level 9 Advanced)

🔍 Meaning

“Trenchant” is a formal adjective meaning very clear, strong, forceful or sharply perceptive in expression. It often describes incisive criticism, observations or analyses that cut right to the heart of the matter mnemonicdictionary.com+11merriam-webster.com+11mammothmemory.net+11.

Types of usage:

• Incisive or keen (“a trenchant wit”)
• Vigorous and effective (“a trenchant argument”)
• Clearly defined or sharply perceptive (“trenchant distinctions between right and wrong”) merriam-webster.com+2secondlanguage.blogspot.com+2mnemonicdictionary.com+2mammothmemory.net+15merriam-webster.com+15dictionary.com+15

✏️ Example Sentences

• “The professor’s trenchant critique discouraged her so much she considered changing majors.” gre.magoosh.com+9fraze.it+9wordgenius.com+9
• “Her trenchant insights made the audience stop and think.” merriam-webster.com+10merriam-webster.com+10wordsinasentence.com+10

📘 Notes for Japanese Learners

• Derived from Anglo-French trencher (“to cut”) – think sharp or cutting observation wordsinasentence.com+7etymonline.com+7merriam-webster.com+7
• Often used in academic writing, editorials, or serious commentary—less common in everyday conversation.

🧠 Study Tip

Write your own example sentence using “trenchant” to describe something sharp, clear or insightful. Then practice using it in spoken English conversations.

Using vivid vocabulary like this will help elevate your speaking and writing—especially in test-prep and advanced communication.

ephemeral (Adjective) – Level 9 (Advanced)

🔍 Meaning

Ephemeral means lasting for a very short time; something fleeting, short-lived or transitory. It often describes moments, emotions or experiences that vanish quickly Vocabulary.com+13Merriam-Webster+13Vocabulary.com+13.

✏️ Example Sentences

• Her success as a popular singer was ephemeral—it was short-lived and faded quickly Leverage Edu+6ExamWord+6SentenceDict+6.
• Fashion trends are often ephemeral: today’s style may be forgotten tomorrow Wikipedia+1Collins Dictionary+1.
• Fireworks are ephemeral, brilliant for a moment but gone as soon as the light fades medium.com+15Merriam-Webster+15SentenceDict+15.

📘 Word Origin & Notes

• Originates from Greek ephemeros, meaning “lasting only a day”
• Used in formal or literary contexts to describe temporary things like ephemeral fever, spring flowers, or fleeting joy ExamWord+15Etymonline+15Wikipedia+15Merriam-Webster+1Dictionary.com+1

🧠 Study Tip

Write your own sentence about something short-lived (like a shocking event or sudden feeling). Then practice using “ephemeral” in spoken English conversations to reinforce its meaning.

📋 Quick Reference Table

pontificate (Verb) — Level 9 (Advanced)

🔍 Meaning

To pontificate means to speak or express opinions in a pompous, dogmatic or authoritative manner; often without listening to others or acknowledging other viewpoints Reddit+15Merriam-Webster+15Merriam-Webster+15.

Originally, it referred to performing duties of a pontiff in the Catholic Church but evolved to describe arrogant or overbearing speech in everyday use Merriam-Webster+13Merriam-Webster+13UltimateLexicon.com+13.

✏️ Example Sentences

• Stan loves to hear himself talk and will often pontificate on even the most trivial issues Merriam-Webster+1Merriam-Webster+1.
• “We had to listen to her pontificate about the best way to raise children,” someone complained during a meeting Vocabulary.com+9Merriam-Webster+9Encyclopedia Britannica+9.

From Reddit:

“If someone pontificates, they speak in a pretentious or preachy manner” — describing someone acting overly authoritative or lecturing Reddit+11Fine Sentence+11owad.de+11.

📘 Usage Notes for Japanese Learners

• Use this verb to criticize someone who speaks as if they are always right or superior.
• Common in formal debate, literary criticism or in describing someone’s lecturing tone.

🧠 Study Tip

Write a sentence describing someone who often gives unsolicited advice or lengthy speeches. Use pontificate in that sentence, then practice using it aloud in conversation or discussion settings.

📋 Quick Reference Table

How to Remember English Vocabulary Faster

Studying alone works but learning with a partner makes it more fun and effective.

Use a Dictionary and Real Example Sentences

Look up definitions and use the words in original sentences to reinforce memory.

Vocabulary related facts:

• Vocabulary is a strong indicator of student success (Baker, Simmons, & Kame’enui, 1997).
• The number of words students learn varies greatly:
  2 vs. 8 words per day
  750 vs. 3,000 per year
• Printed school English, as represented by materials in grades 3 to 9, contains 88,533 distinct word families (Nagy & Anderson, 1984).
• 88,533 word families result in total volumes of nearly 500,000 graphically distinct word types, including proper names. Roughly half of 500,000 words occur once or less in a billion words of text (Nagy & Anderson, 1984).
• In grades 3 through 12, an average student is likely to learn approximately 3,000 new vocabulary words each year, if he or she reads between 500,000 and a million running words of text a school year (Nagy & Anderson, 1984).
• Between grades 1 and 3, it is expected that economically disadvantaged students’ vocabularies increase by about 3,000 words per year, while middle-class students’ vocabularies increase by about 5,000 words per year.
• Children’s vocabulary size approximately doubles between grades 3 and 7.

ホームページへ